The Price Of Elasticity Of Supply Economics Essay

The Price Of Elasticity Of Supply Economics Essay The price of elasticity of supply assesses the sensitiveness of the quantity supplied to a change in the price of a good when all other influences on selling plans remain constant. It can be calculated by using the formula: PES = Percentage change in quantity supplied Percentage change in price The two determinants of price elasticity of supply are resource substitution possibilities and time frame for the supply decision (Parkin 9th edition pg97): For resource substitution possibilities, it means that only some goods and services can be produced only by using special or rare productive resources. Such items have low and sometimes even zero elasticity of supply because items like that are hard to be substituted. For example, cars and tyres. As the price of rubber rises, the quantity supplied will reduce by only a little because people still need tyres for their cars. It is difficult to find another raw material for tyre because the input factor of production is rare and therefore, the price elasticity of supply will be inelastic. The second determinant is time respond for the supply decision. For instance planting maize. It takes a few months to produce maize that even if the price changes, the farmer will not be able to do anything. Reason being so is that when the price of maize fluctuates, the time taken for maize production will remain constant. Thus, the price elasticity of supply will be inelastic if the production is long. Price QS 40% 20% S Based on the diagram, it shows that price increase is greater than the quantity supplied. The two determinants of price elasticity of supply are resource substitution and time frame for supply decision. Part B Price elasticity of demand (PED) is a unit free measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in price, when all other determinants on buying plans remain the same. The formula used to calculate PED is(Parkin, 9th edition pg 86): PED = Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in price Businesses use the price elasticity concept to decide on their pricing strategy based on three ranges of elasticity namely inelastic, elastic and unit elastic demand. When the percentage decrease in quantity demanded is less than percentage increase in price, it is said to be an elastic demand. Goods that are categorized under inelastic are considered necessities and therefore when business increase the price to obtain more revenue, the demand will still be there. An example would be smokers and cigarettes. If the price of cigarettes is now rm10 a pack, quantity demanded is 50 but when price increase to rm15 a pack, quantity demanded becomes 45. The above diagram is an example of the relationship between the change in quantity demanded and change in price. The elasticity is more than zero but less than one, which means it is inelastic and smokers will still continue buying cigarettes despite the price increase. When the percentage decrease in quantity demanded but greater than one exceeds the percentage increase in price, then it is an elastic demand. Goods that have an elastic demand are luxury goods because the goods have many substitutes, for example Nike shoes. If the price is rm200, then quantity demanded is 100 but once the price increases to rm220, the quantity demanded will fall to 70. This is because the customers can resort to other brands. The elasticity is more than one which means customers are sensitive to the change in price. The diagram shows that even though the price increases only by a little bit, but the quantity demanded decreased by a lot because goods like that can be substituted easily. When the percentage decrease in quantity demanded equals to the percentage increase in price, then it is a unit elastic demand. In cases like that, businesses should neither increase nor decrease the price of goods because a change in price will change the quantity demanded. An example would be chewing gum. The initial price is rm1, and quantity demanded is 200 but once the price increases to rm2, the quantity demanded will decrease to 100. By using the concept of price elasticity, businesses can decide whether to increase price (inelastic demand), reduce price (elastic demand) or not to change the price (unit elastic demand) in order to maximize revenue. Question 3 One of the factors of supply is the prices of factors of production. A decrease in price of production will directly correlate to an increase in supply. This is because if the price of a factor of production used to produce a good decreases the minimum price that a supplier is willing to accept for producing each quantity of those good decreases. So a decrease in the price of a factor of production decreases supply and shifts the supply curve rightward. Another factor is the price of related goods produced. A substitute in production of a good is another good that can be produced using the same resources. The supply of a good increase if the price of a substitute in production falls. Goods are complements in production if they must be produced together. The supply of a good increase if the price of a complement in production rises. Expected future prices are another determinant of an increase in supply. If the price of a good is expected to decrease in the future, the supply of the g ood today increases and the supply curve shifts leftward. b) A price ceiling or price cap is a regulation that makes it illegal to charge a price higher than a specific level. If the price ceiling is set above the equilibrium price, it has no effect. The market works as if there were no ceiling in the first place. Inversely, if the ceiling were to be set below the equilibrium, its effects are far greater. If the level of price equilibrium is above the price ceiling, in order to achieve price equilibrium one would have to enter to illegal region. Other mechanisms thus come into place in order to eliminate the shortage created by the price cap. Search activity and black markets are some of those mechanisms and consumers are willing to pay a higher price in order to obtain the goods due to the shortage. A price ceiling decreases the quantity supplied to a less efficient quantity resulting in a deadweight loss. A further shrink in consumer and producer surplus further enhances the potential loss from search activity. A price floor is a regulati on that makes it illegal to trade at a price lower than a specific level. If it is set below the equilibrium price, there is no effect. Effect only takes place if set above the equilibrium price. Price floor leads to an inefficient outcome. A minimum price is set above the equilibrium and decreases the quantity demanded. A deadweight loss thus arises due to a decrease in consumer and producer surplus. Question 5 Part A Demand refers to the quantity of a good that potential buyers would be willing and able to buy or attempt to buy at a different price level. The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded in a defined time period. Quantity demanded of a good or service is the amount that consumers plan to buy during a given time period at a particular price.(McConnell,Brue Flynn Economics 18th edition) A decrease in demand will result in a leftward shift in the graph and there are six main factors influencing it. The first factor is the prices of related goods. Assume if a comparison is made between hamburger and hot dog. If the price of a substitute for hamburger rises, people buy less of the substitute and more hamburgers. The demand for hamburger will rise and demand for hot dogs will fall. Then there is also complement which is a good that is used in conjunction with another. For example, fries and hamburgers. If the price for hamburger increases, people will not buy so much fries and hamburgers. There will be a decrease in demand. The next factor is expected future prices. If a good, for now will decrease because people would want to buy it at a cheaper price. The third factor is income. When income rises, consumer will buy more goods but when it decreases, they will buy less of those goods. A normal good is one for which demand increases as income increases. Inferior good is one when demand will decrease as income increases. Next factor that will decrease a demand is when expected future income and credit falls. For example, when a sales person knows her income will fall in the future, she will have to spend wisely and not splurge on goods. Another factor is when the population decreases. For example in the 1990s in America, a decrease in the college-age population decrease the demand for college places. Lastly would be preference. If there is poor or no environmental awareness, it will shift the demand curve for recycled items or even eco-friendly bags to the left. The diagram shows a leftward shift on the demand curve. Unlike the demand curve, the quantity demanded curve will bring an upward movement on the diagram, instead of a shift and the only factor that influences it is price with all other determinants on buying plans remain constant. According to the new law of demand, higher price will cause a decrease in demand. From the diagram, a decrease in quantity demanded will cause an upward movement when price rise from P0 to P1, quantity demanded falls from QD2 to QD1. An example would be the rise of price of apple from P0 to P1. It will decrease the quantity demanded to QD1. There are a few differences between a decrease in demand and decrease in quantity demanded. First, decrease in demand will show a leftward shift in the graph but decrease in quantity demanded shows an upward movement. There are six factors influencing the demand to decrease but only one that influence the quantity demand; price. Part B Income elasticity of demand (YED) is the ratio of percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good or service to a given percentage change in income. YED indicates the responsiveness of demand to change of household income. To calculate YED.(McConnell,Brue Flynn Economics 18th edition) : YED = Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in householdà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s income The three degrees of YED are positive, negative and zero. For positive YED, it is further categorized into two types which are income inelastic (01). For income inelastic, the percentage increase in quantity demanded is positive but less than the percentage increase in income. When the demand for a good is income inelastic, the percentage of income spent on that good decreases as income increases. Those will be considered normal goods such as clothes, food and travel. But for income elastic demand, the percentage increase in quantity demanded exceeds the percentage increase in income. When the demand for a good is income elastic, the percentage of income spent on that good increases as income increases. For example, if the price of a doughnut is constant and 9 doughnuts an hour are bought. So when income rises from rm975 to tm1025 a week, the quantity of doughnuts sold rise to 11 an hour, ceteris paribus. The change in quantity demanded is 2 and the average quantity is 10 doughnuts, so the quantity demanded increases by 20% and the change in income is tm50 and the average is rm1000 so income increases by 5%. The income elasticity of demand for doughnut is: 20% = 4% 5% Therefore, it is said that the income elasticity demand for pizza is elastic. Next is negative YED (YED Question 6 Equilibrium is a situation in which opposing forces balance each other out. Equilibrium in a market occurs when the price balances the plans of buyers and sellers. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. Consumer surplus is defined as the value of a good minus the price paid for it, summed over the quantity bought. It is measured by the area under the demand curve and above the price paid, up to the quantity bought. Producer surplus is determined by subtracting the marginal cost from the price received for a good and summed over the quantity sold. It is measured by the area below the market price and above the supple curve. b.) The production possibility frontier (PPF) marks the boundary between the combination of goods and services that can be produced. There are four assumptions that are made which are the economy is efficient, there are a fixed amount of resources, a fixed level of technology and there are only two goods. In order to achieve efficiency there must be full employment and full production. The opportunity cost of an activity is the value of the next best alternative that must be forgone to undertake the activity. Scarcity is a situation where there is not enough resources to produce enough a good to satisfy the needs of the consumers. Choice occurs when scarcity forces consumers to make a choice in order to maximise satisfaction. PPF illustrates these three principles of economics; choice, scarcity and opportunity cost. Because of scarcity, a society has to make choices between the productions of two goods with scarce resources available. Most choice involves opportunity costs. Referencing Parkin.M, Economics 9th edition ,Pearson International Edition McConnell,Brue Flynn Economics 18th edition

What would happen if the World Runs out of Oil and Gas :: essays research papers

Oil is hydrocarbons that grew up in the earth when source rock full of organic inclusions sank to just the right depth not too little and not too much and got cooked over the ages. It took hundreds of millions of years for the world's supply of oil to be created. The oil is used to make gasoline obviously, but also home heating oil, diesel fuel but also 90 percent of all the organic chemicals that we use. That includes pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, plastics, fabrics and so on. They are petrochemicals, meaning they originate as oil. the need for those hydrocarbon materials has been increasing for 150 years and will go on increasing especially because the world's population is increasing. The poorer parts of the world want to increase their standard of living, which inevitably means using more energy. Fossil fuels are our principal source of energy. I hope that enough people will become aware of the problem and we will be a little better prepared, Right now we don't have the kind of leadership that would take us in the direction that would make major changes. As individuals we can do things, driving hybrid cars, for example. But as a society we have to redesign cities so that people live close to where they work. There are all kinds of measures. We are so profligate in the use of energy that even with the smallest effort we can reduce the rate at which we use energy very significantly, as Californians showed after the last energy crisis. But what we really need is massive infusion of research on all of the possible ways of ameliorating this problem. It's possible for us to revert either to natural gas or to coal or both. Among consequences are the increasing global climate change. But another consequence is, let us suppose you tried to substitute coal for oil. Natural gas is a good substitute and it will last for a while but it will have its own peak one or two decades after oil, so it's only a temporary solution. If you turn to coal, we're now using twice as much energy from oil as we are from coal. So if you want to liquefy coal as a substitute for oil in transportation which is its most important application you would have to mine coal at a rate that's many, many times at the rate of what we're doing now.

Enhancing Customer Satisfaction with the Implementation of Total Quality Management

Mehra and Ranganathan (2008) reported that in 1979, Crosby gave 14 steps for quality improvement his work was supported by the work of another researcher, Ishikawa who stated that training, problem solving, and quality circles are very crucial ways of achieving continuous improvement. The researchers also spoke about the work of Deming with his contribution of giving 14principles that has become the foundation of TQM and acknowledged Juran for identifying the three basic functions of a quality management process which are planning, organization, and control. To Juran these functions of quality management process are different levels in any programs for quality improvement. TQM and customer orientation It has been observe that only those business organizations that pay attention to the need of their customers and make efforts to meet those needs become successful. Naturally, customers have their perceived expectations of quality of products or service they want from businesses they patronize and when they get satisfied they stay, else they leave for somewhere else. This is traceable to why customer satisfaction receives much attention and emphasis in the field of marketing. Researchers studied the profit of 472 restaurants and their results showed that data collected about customer satisfaction rate at a time has a direct impact on the profit margin of an organization nine months thereafter and concluded that quality as perceived by customer is what determines return on investment of any company( Mehra and Ranganathan 2008). It is therefore very important for organizations to focus on customer satisfaction so as to build a long lasting relationship with them. Customer satisfaction was not given much emphasis in the past but these days with intense competition in the global market, Organizations have come to realize its importance to as to maintain their stance in the market. Now, they know well that customer satisfaction will lead to customer retention and profits improvements. Scholars stated opined that the chances of customer leaving an organization due to poor products or services quality would definitely be reduced when customer satisfaction is achieved by a company ( Mehra and Ranganathan 2008). Agus et al. 2000) established that a successful implementation of TQM by a company will enhance its customer satisfaction and lead to financial performance. Goldman (2005), stated for an organization to remain competitive , it must identify its customers’ needs and find a way of building them into the products and services designs and development. Some researchers share the believe that in order for a company to satisfy its customer, their needs must be identified and incorporated into the design and development of appropriate product or service ( Spring et al. 998). Chan et al. (2001) report that quality function deployment is one appropriate TQM techniques that is a customer oriented approach and translates the voices of customers into the design features of products and services. This technique has three objectives which are to identify the customer, what he wants and find ways of fulfilling those wants. Researchers stresses that QFD methodology works by relating customer requirements with the design features (Govers 2001) Researchers emphasize a company need of its customer loyalty, stressed that a company would retain its customers if only a higher level of service than those of its competitors is achieved (Alomaim, 2003). The measurement of quality is dependent on meeting the expectations and requirements of customer the first time and at every other time. The federal Quality Institute (FQI) states that â€Å"TQM is a comprehensive, customer-focused system that many organizations are adopting to improve the quality of their products and services† (Alomaim et al. 2003). Alomaim et al. 2003) stated that TQM is management at all levels in an organization with the objective of customer satisfaction. They went further to state the largest percentage of scores for this award. TQM in Services. Mehra and Ranganathan (2008) established that TQM has a wide application in the industry of health care to enhance customer satisfaction after they reviewed the work of Ingram and Chung (1997) who reported tha t successful adoption of TQM programs has led to maximally satisfied customers. Hasin et al. (2001) affirmed that hospitals have engaged TQM principles as a weapon to gain competitive advantage. Researcher conducted a study to investigate success factors that are critical to TQM programs among corporations in US by surveying literatures (Dayton 2003). This effort led to his discovery of ten TQM success factors that are critical which includes orientation of customer satisfaction , quality improvement measurement, planning operational quality, customer and people management, management of external interface, improvement information communication, structures that facilitate team work, strategic partnership with suppliers and organizational culture of quality. The cue for these factors was taken from Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. According to the results of the findings, it was revealed that quality management and organizational culture of quality as TQM most important success factors as it relate to organizational performance. These research efforts found support in the work of Sit et al. (2009) that highlighted six core TQM practices that is acceptable by award models for quality like European Excellence Model and Quality Award and MBNQA through reviewing of literatures on TQM practices. These six TQM core practices are human resources focus, strategic planning, information analysis, customer focus, leadership and process management. TQM in Manufacturing. Scholars studied the Australia manufacturing industries to examine the impacts of TQM programs on their operational performance and reported that application of TQM in an organization helps to achieve success in relationships among employee, customer satisfaction and performance in business ( Terziovski and Samson 1999). To support this view another researcher reported that Malaysian manufacturing industries enhance their financial performance by engaging TQM programs and traced this performance to their achievement of customer satisfaction (Agus et al. , 2000). It should be acknowledged that when organizations successfully implement TQM, the result is that high level of customer satisfaction and improved financial performance would be achieved. This stated fact finds supports from literatures on TQM and customer satisfaction. Mehra et al. (2001) strongly mphasized that customer focus play an important role towards implementing TQM and established that TQM is customer –oriented. They also affirmed that customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are important elements for organizations that possess the value of customer focus. Attempting to further stress the necessity of engaging TQM to improve customer focus, suggested that organizations must pay serious attention to customer satisfaction. Researchers established that literatures abounds that mention customer focus and suggested that definition of TQM in the future should give customer focus its rightful place (Mehra et al. 001). Chien et al. (2002) state categorically that a strong relationship exists between the customer satisfaction level a company can achieve and its commitment to TQM practices which determines its performance. Other researcher believed that there is need for further research that presents the TQM relationship with customer relations ( Kaynak 2003). The impacts of the practices of TQM on customer satisfaction have been examined by many researchers and its wide applications in manufacturing and service industries alike have been reported. TQM and cultural differences. Researcher contested that cultural differences among industry types and across nations will vary the applicability of quality programs ( Dawson 1995). In the author opinion, TQM has a strong inclination in the culture of Japanese which makes its adoption not applicable universally. He therefore suggests that businesses and nations that will adopt TQM should conduct studies on examining how it could be adapted to their cultures. This view finds support in the work of other researchers who express their believe that TQM is neither effective nor fit for business environment that involves multiple cultures. Some other scholars doubt that TQM is effective in service industries because of the uniqueness of this industry in that their product is not visible. These concerns made Mehra and Ranganatha ( 2008) to undertake a study in the literature of TQM and customer satisfaction. Based on the results of their findings, they affirmed that implementation of TQM programs in an organization improves customer satisfaction. They rejected the argument that the only culture where TQM programs will succeed is collectivistic and also established that TQM programs will succeed in both collectivistic and individualistic cultures and across business types and national cultures. The result of their research made them to redefine TQM â€Å"as a management strategy that, with sound design and successful implementation can be adopted to enhance customer satisfaction through a concerted focus on customer and that this strategy is equally applicable to both service and manufacturing businesses operating in varied global cultures. For managers with kin interest on successfully adopting TQM implementation, they suggested 3 action plans; develop unique skills for identifying customers’ needs in their workforce, train their employees to understand global market competitions and global customer, and train specific personnel on ways of determining the customer satisfaction level at sensitive and throughout the contact points that are major. Mehra et al. 2001) and kaynak (2003) stressed that there is need for research that examines the impact of TQM programs on performance of an organization. Researchers are of the opinion that there is need for studies that will investigate the relationship between organization performance and TQM practices. This view finds support from Yasin et al. (2004) who expressed their concern for the rare nature study reports that relates performance of an organization to its improvements efforts on quality. TQM and Human resources. Researcher examines in an empirical study the role of human resource management practices towards implementing TQM within the advanced technology companies and the results of their findings was that the practices of HRM impacts significantly on customer satisfaction (Yang 2006). Many business organizations have place strong emphasis on customer satisfaction as they believe it would help them to increase productivity and ultimately profitability. Yang (2006) argued that company must put structures in place for customer satisfaction management and that company need employees to maintain such structures. Other researchers carry out an investigation on the relationship between the role of HRM and client satisfaction in the health industry (Ott and van Dijk 2005). Their study explored activities of HRM such as employee involvement, transparent management, plan for personal development, on the job training, supportive management style. They found that the manager’ management style nfluences the employee satisfaction. When Sit et al. (2009) reviewed the work of Adsit et al. (1996) that examines the association that exist between customer satisfaction, employee attitude and performance evaluation. They reported that employee attitude have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction which made them to conclude that human resource focus induced customer satisfaction. It is rather unfortunate that literatures of studies on the relationships between customer satisfaction and Organization’s vision are rare. Kantabutra and Avery, 2007) affirmed that what is found is a casual link of customer and employee satisfaction with the organizational vision. To this effect, these researchers embarked on an empirical study to investigate how organization’s vision affect customer and employee satisfaction in retails stores in Thai. The research findings revealed that organization’s vision, employee satisfaction, communication, motivation and empowerment enhanced customer satisfaction. Based on the findings of their result, It was established that vision significantly enhances customer satisfaction. Sit et al. (2009) carried out a research study to examine the relationships customer satisfaction and TQM practices based on the perception of managers in the service organizations that are TQM certified in Malaysia. They reported that TQM enhances customer satisfaction and went ahead to establish customer focus, human resources, leadership and information and analysis as critical success factor of TQM practices and that they induce customer satisfaction. It was revealed in their findings that human resources and information and analysis were TQM dominant practices because they have close relationship with Customer focus within the service organizations under consideration. Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: (Bennette and Rundle-Thiele 2004) conducted an empirical study to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty of customers. The researchers work took premise from the previous literatures on the subject. They reported that out That four biggest bank in Australia ecorded customers’ dissatisfaction percentage of about 23-32 percent and they are among the nation’s six top companies that is public. It was surprising that their performance was not affected as they posted large profits. They found that customers still patronized these banks even though they were dissatisfied which made them to argue that customer loyalty and organization performance does not depend solely on the single factor of customer satisfaction even though this go against the popular opinion that abound in the literatures that satisfaction is what leads to the attitude of loyalty often display by customers. They established that these customers were simply loyal. While public relations make every effort to convince the public that customer satisfaction is necessary for customer retention, these researchers discovered from the literatures that in 2003, the Bank of America earnings reports that customer satisfaction level of 14 percent constitutes 5. 3 percent of its customers. The question then remains, what is the satisfaction level experienced by other 94. perfect? This further proved that customer satisfaction does not necessarily leads to customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction has become a factor that is of high significance to business organizations and marketers alike especially in the service industries. Organizations because of so much emphasis that is place on this subject often see it as the ultimate in order to sustain the stiff competition in the global business environment. It is believed that customer satisfaction will help companies to retain their customers so as to maintain their market share and ultimately achieve organizational performance. The researchers surveyed a sample of 267 businesses and investigated their satisfaction level and attitude of loyalty to the services of an advertising company(Bennette and Rundle-Thiele 2004). The result of their findings revealed that loyalty that is of high level do not in all cases due to high levels of customer satisfaction. They went further to stress that customers often stick to a particular company, not because they enjoy the quality of its services and concluded that while customer satisfaction will remain the core of any organizational performance, it should not be the only goal (Bennette and Rundle-Thiele 2004). They pointed that attitudinal loyalty which customers sometimes display is another factor that enhances the performance of an organization. Given that they have considered attitude of customers to be critical success factor to business performance, it would be necessary to consider the impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction. This view find support from the work of scholar (Oakland 2003) who opined that performance as perceived by the customer will always be the core of TQM model but it need not be limited to this and there should be an extension of it to other stakeholders’ performance measures. Other researchers gave their suggestions for the need of further empirical researches that would examine the impacts of quality improvement efforts on organizational performance (Yasin et al. 2004, p. 45).

Civil War Essay The Major Contributing Factors to the...

If asked, most people would blame as the cause of the civil war the issue of slavery. This is understandable; many people in the U.S. at the time were against slavery, going to far as to help runaway slaves escape to the free north. But, while slavery at face value was a major factor, international politics and economics played a major role. Several factors, including the election of Lincoln, the raid on Harper s Ferry, the Dred Scott decision, and, most importantly, the fugitive slave law, contributed to the growing rift between the North and South and, eventually, the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln is most always associated with the Civil War. But, he was not elected through a majority of the popular vote. In fact, with only forty percent†¦show more content†¦Northern abolitionists were shocked; their plan for compromise was no more slavery in any territory, and this ruling shut down their cause. Abolitionists feared that slavery would now spread into more territories, and Northern democrats, who favored popular sovereignty, and southern democrats, who favored slavery, were divided further in the Dred Scott Decision. This case contributed to the division of the Democratic Party, who then nominated three separate candidates, resulted in theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analyzing the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War727 Words   |  3 PagesAnalyzing the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War In order to validate the statement, â€Å"The years from 1952 to 1975 in U.S. history were marked by tremendous political and social turmoil that led to major changes in American society,† one would have to evaluate the role played by the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War in bringing about and contributing to those changes. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate whether or not the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Movement indeed contributedRead MoreImplementation Of A Nation After A War Essay2103 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most secured and assured ways to promote peace, unity, progress, re-building, re-constructing and restructuring of a nation after a war is peace keeping, peace enforcement and in most cases international intervention. Peace Keeping refers to the deployment of international personnel to help maintain peace and security in the aftermath of war (Fornta, 2008). Furthermore, peacekeeping according to the United Nations (2016) has proven to be on e of the most effective tools available to theRead MoreEssay on Analysis of the American Civil War900 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Civil War Essay Analysis Slavery was the most important cause of the Civil War, because this single issue divided the North and South to begin with. The ideological differences between the North and South led to economic differences, conflicts over newly acquired territories, disputes over the constitution, and political extremism. The Election of 1860 was the culmination of these disputes and caused the South to secede in 1861 and guided the way towards the Civil War. The Northern statesRead MoreEssay about Comparing Billy Budd and the Life of Melville1505 Words   |  7 Pagesparallels to the time of the Civil War and to particular individuals of Melvilles life. Important to the creation of Billy Budd were the war, current politics, slavery, and even the assassination of President Lincoln. This essay intends to identify the analogous relationship between these incidences and the particular individuals of Melvilles life that inspired him to write Billy Budd. Melville seems to have lived a life that was inevitably centered around war and politics. His grandparentsRead MoreWhy Are Intra State Conflicts So Difficult? Resolve?1748 Words   |  7 Pages This essay analyses the reasoning behind the difficulty of solving intra-state conflicts. First, it examines the nature of Intra-State Conflicts, defining their origins and clarifying the different types. The Arab Spring serves as the case in point to elucidate the problem. Furthermore, it is necessary to describe the role of international actors in preventing as well as solving intra-state conflicts. Interventionism, as a conflict management tool will be empirically assessed. This essay arguesRead MoreHow Significant Was The Economic Policy During The Russian Civil War For The Soviet Union? Essay1902 Words   |  8 PagesHOW SIGNIFICANT WAS BOLSHEVIK ECONOMIC POLICY DURING THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR FOR THE SOVIET UNION? The Bolshevik Economic Policy during the Civil War was significant for the Soviet Union as it helped to win the war and was the first implementation of Communist ideology anywhere. In addition, it affected many people, led to the Tambov Revolt and the Kronstadt Mutiny and had long-term political consequences. The Bolsheviks’ aim was to dismantle the outdated structure of Tsarist regime and create a newRead MoreTo What Extent Do You Consider the Emancipation of Serfs 1861 to Be a Key Turning Point in the Development of Russian Government and Society Till 2000?1466 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Question: To what extent do you consider the Emancipation of Serfs 1861 to be a key turning point in the development of Russian government and society till 2000? Many historians argue The Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861, to be a key turning point within Russian history. It drastically altered Russia’s economic, political and social stipulation. One could propose the argument that this event lead to the fall of communism in 1990, further more suggesting the extent to which this event affectedRead MoreDemocracies And Their Tendency to be More Peaceful Than Authoritarian States1144 Words   |  5 Pagesassume the word peaceful used in this context is the opposite of war but war is the most extreme consequence of the bad reaction between two or more states. Actions of other states may cause another to experience civil unrest, civil panic and changes in legislation; most commonly an occurrence in democratic states as seen in light of 9/11, which I will discuss later on in the essay. 1945 and the end of World War II was a significant turning point with regards to peace betweenRead MoreInfluence of the Media in the Anti-War Movement of the 60s and 70s1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe millions of Americans who watched them. They convinced many that opposing the war and patriotism were compatible. The movement against the Vietnam War could be said as one of the greatest triumphs in democracy. The war’s purpose was to instill democracy, yet the war was waged with a lack of a constitutional warrant. What started as a few people protesting turned into the majority being opposed to the Vietnam War. The movement involved only a few dozen organizations in 1960, and overtime producedRead MoreThe Significance of the Deployment of New Technology in Influencing the Nature of Warfare in the Years 1845-19911826 Words   |  8 Pagesdefinition of the â€Å"nature† of warfare. Within this essay it is understood to mean the ways in which wars were fought. Furthermore, one must also consider the non technological factors that affected the nature of warfare, and the ways in which wars were fought as a result of their impact. For example, factors such as economic power and resources have been known to significantly affect the nature of warfare. In evaluating the importance of these factors in comparison to that of technological advances

Essay on Physics in Everyday Life - 1684 Words

Physics in Everyday Life 1 Just about everything you do from moving to eating to listening to music involves physics. Now that I have really explored them I think it is hard to go about our day and not do something that involves physics. Some of the things I will talk about are getting out of bed, the eye and how eye glasses help a person see better, speakers, the Frisbee, sailing, and the pulleys I use to get my jeep unstuck in the mud when I ride in the woods. All of these require energy, and energy is what physics is all about. There is kinetic energy, potential energy, conservation of energy, velocity, acceleration, mass, force, and gravity. Energy gives you the ability to do work. Energy is everywhere in nature†¦show more content†¦Conservation of energy is...TE = PE + KE + WE; where total energy is made up of potential energy, kinetic energy, and work energy. Your total energy is conserved while walking. The potential energy is the biochemical potential of your muscles and frame, which i s converted by work into kinetic energy, which is the walking part. From a standing still point you need TE to total energy to push off with your foot. You need that force because the 1st law says your body is lazy and wont move unless pushed. But once you get going you can reduce that force a bit because his law also says once you get going your body wants to keep going. In fact, if you want to stop, youll need to exert some force to do that. The force to stop comes from the static friction of your foot or shoe against the bottom material it is on, such as a floor or cement outside. That creates the opposite reaction of Newton’s third law and as that force pushes you forward. While the forward momentum is going on you also have the force of gravity to deal with as well as keeping your balance. I looked into the physics of the eye itself and into corrective lenses because I wear glasses. The human eye is a very complex piece of anatomy. Like a camera, the eye is able to refract light and produce an image that can enable someone to see. The eye is an opaque eyeball filled with liquid. In the front of the eyeball is a transparent opening known as the cornea. The cornea is a thin membraneShow MoreRelatedPhysics : The Physics Of Physics1654 Words   |  7 PagesPhysics is defined as a branch of science that explains the properties of matter and energy. The study of Physics offers explanations for many topics like mecha nics, light, heat, and electricity. Physics is present in all forms throughout a person’s life. It could be from the smallest crunch of an autumn leaf to the many ways energy is harnessed to support the lifestyle we’ve become accustomed. Physics is literally everywhere. Physics is most strongly presented in my life by automobiles, how physicsRead More Physics in Sports Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics in Sports nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. AthleticsRead MoreEssay about The Physic of Paintball1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe Physic of Paintball I.The Fundamentals of the Game of Paintball. Paintball is a sport that is still fairly new in the world being not much more that a decade old. This game as with other sports would not be possible without physics. Physics is essential to the game of paintball. Some of physics that are involved in paintball are pressurized gas, projectile motion, and the impulse of being hit by a paintball. As with all sports there is necessary equipment needed to play. The mostRead MoreThe Current Status Of Galaxy Formation1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe field of physics encompasses a variety of topics and sub-disciplines which include astronomy, cosmology, and particle physics, to name a few. As a student in the physics field, it is important to understand how physicists actually write and make arguments in their respective disciplines. By being able to analyze and rhetorically inspect an article, the material becomes more comprehensible and some potential implications of the writing begin to resound with the reader. The more we learn aboutRead MoreThe World Of Convection, Conduction, And Radiation1685 Words   |  7 Pagesfluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it† (Georgia State University). â€Å"In the world of physics, the term conduction is usually defined as a form of heat transfer by the way of molecular tension inside an object or ma terial that does not show any individual motion in its entirety† (Georgia State University). Radiation by means of physics related terms is defined as â€Å"the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through a space or perhapsRead MoreStructure of Matter1686 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Structure of Matter There is a large overlap of the world of static electricity and the everyday world that you experience. Clothes tumble in the dryer and cling together. You walk across the carpeting to exit a room and receive a door knob shock. You pull a wool sweater off at the end of the day and see sparks of electricity. During the dryness of winter, you step out of your car and receive a car door shock as you try to close the door. Sparks of electricity are seen as you pull a wool blanketRead MoreSir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest physicist and mathematicians of all time. He was born in1600 Words   |  7 Pageshave three siblings from his mother’s second marriage. Some of Newton’s achievements in physics and mathematics are; Newton’s law of universal gravitation, Newton’s three laws of motion, calculus, refraction of light, reflecting telescope, Newton’s law of cooling, coins, and the binomial theorem. I will be talking about all of these in this paper over Sir Isaac Newton along with different parts of his personal life along the way. Starting off from the list of substantial accomplishments by Isaac NewtonRead MoreWhat Does Thermodynamics Affect The World?1458 Words   |  6 PagesThermodynamics can be thought of as the most important aspect in our daily life no matter if we directly or indirectly use it everyday. The understanding and knowledge the laws of Thermodynamics have given us have gone into the manufactured world around us. This is very important because thermodynamics is understanding heat, and without heat, humans would not be able to survive. Something more familiar to you, like Newton Laws of Physics, takes a look at the big picture of physical motion and how it effectsRead MoreNewton s 2nd Law : The Physics Of Physics982 Words   |  4 PagesNewton s 2nd law is a very important concept in physics such that it can determine the acceleration of an object based on its mass and the net force applied to the object. In this experiment, a glider was used to calculate the acceleration based on the hangi ng mass applied in the system. The goals of the experiment consisted of observing the relationship between acceleration and the applied force on an object which is represented in the experiment through the acceleration of the glider based onRead MoreSir Isaac Newton : The Father Of Modern Physics1185 Words   |  5 Pagesa smoother pebble or prettier shell than ordinary, while the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me(bio.com)†Today, one of the most highly regarded scientists is still Sir Isaac Newton. He should be remembered as the father of modern physics. Sir Isaac Newton was born on Jan 4, 1643 or according to December 25,1642 in Woolsthorpe, England. He never knew his father because he died before he was born and his mother remarried when he was three (bio.com). His mother moved in with his stepfather

Are Humans Culpable For Global Climate Change - 1334 Words

Are Humans Culpable for Global Climate Change? Earth, a vibrant blue sphere in the solar system, is the only planet in the solar system that is currently known to host a multitude of life. Everything needed to survive and thrive is provided under a thin veil of atmosphere that separates all terrestrial organisms from the vast, frigid void of space. Earth is made up of intricate, collaborating systems that are often unpredictable. Land, water, air, and life-bearing organisms, including humans, collaborate to create a constantly fluctuating biosphere that is still being investigated to have a deeper understanding of its processes. In today’s technological age, the collection and interpretation of data has become paramount to help devise strategies to combat future threats. Data collection comes in many forms, but the collection and interpretation of climate data will be the topic under scrutiny. Recent data collected and analyzed by scientists suggests that the global climate is increasing in temperature and that information may be a cause for alarm. Why would this be a cause for alarm? The alarm should come from an understanding of how each living organism depends on one another to survive. If the delicate biological cycle is damaged or broken, the results could be catastrophic; forever changing the planet. This change in temperature may potentially affect all organisms that are currently known and those that have yet to be discovered and documented. This scenario is far tooShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Global Warming1652 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the issue of global warming comes up in conversations, people usually groan and avoid conversation, and many roll up their sleeves and prepare for a heated debate. Some people feel culpable and concerned; others simply do not care. There exist many contrasting viewpoints which yield very distinctive stances on the subject. While many people may claim disregard on the issue, the media has broadcasted substantial data showing gradual rise in global temperature and the topic has been discussedRead MoreAnalysis Of Octavia Butler s Series Of The Parables1508 Words   |  7 PagesI entered Butler University as an English major believing that what we choose to read changes the way we think, and literature shapes the society we live in. I later changed my major to International Studies, an interdisciplinary course of study, which allowed me to foster my understanding of the global society, the complexities of intercultural interactions, and the ability to apply political theories to interpret one situation from multiple perspectives. When choosing the topic for my senior thesisRead MoreThe Great Depression By Harper Lee1244 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclaring, â€Å"If we just let them know we forgive them, that we’ve forgotten it, then this whole thing will blow over† (231). Mrs. Merriweather advocates that the white community â€Å"forgive† Helen and the black community, as though they are mutually culpable for Robinsonâ₠¬â„¢s alleged crimes. Her arrogance and hypocritical attitude suggest ill-founded preconceptions of supremacy, as she fails to realize the white community’s role in Robinson’s conviction. During the Current Events period of Scout’s classRead MoreEnvironment and Sustainable Development1795 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Natural hazards have induced catastrophic losses which are one or more related losses whose consequences are extremely harsh in their severity, such as bankruptcy, total loss of assets, or loss of life. The global loose from just three types of natural hazards which are windstorms, floods, and earthquakes. It consumes huge amounts of limited available capital and significantly reduces resources for new investment. In developing countries, the parallel problems of underdevelopmentRead MoreEssay on Religion and the Energy Crisis2855 Words   |  12 Pagesand energy production are causing widespread climate change, poisoning our air and resulting in the extinction of species. Humanity cannot continue to consume energy at the present rate given the limited supply of fossil fuels and the consequences of pollution, yet there seems to be a problem in cultivating widespread public concern for these issues. Even if the average American does not know the specifics of the matter, most everyone is aware of global warming, dying species, and the fossil fuelRead MoreReport on Employee Absenteeism10010 Words   |  41 PagesThere is a famous saying â€Å"The theory without practical is lame and practical without theory is blind.† Absenteeism is a serious workplace problem and an expensive occurrence for both employers and employees seems unpredictable in nature. Human resource is an important part of any business and managing them is an important task. Summer training is an integral part of the PGDM and student of Management have to undergo training session in a business organization for 6 weeks to gain practicalRead MoreHumans and the Decline of Biodiversity Essay2861 Words   |  12 Pagesis currently undergoing one of the largest mass extinctions in the history books. Why is this not being placed on the front page of every newspaper? The answer to that question is time. Humans do not take as much notice of things that happen over the course of millions and billions of years, because those same humans will not be around long enough to see the damage that is being caused here and now. These extinctions happen over millions of years, and even a few species dying every year is enough toRead MoreThe Fluctuating Fortunes Of Counterinsurgency : Is Tossing The Coin A Reasonable Approach?3422 Words   |  14 Pagesconflicts involving any form of nation building, the US must shape the political environment that they are conducted in th rough continued and global information operations involving a constant program of political, psychological and ideological ‘warfare’ designed to win peace more than to aid in the phases of a military conflict.† He insisted that a â€Å"climate of trust and cooperation be established before any given conflict takes place.† In the lead up to the Iraq War although several resolutionsRead MoreAnglogold Ashanti: Analysis of Csr Strategy6695 Words   |  27 Pagescritically examining the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and performance of AngloGold Ashanti (AGA). This first essay analyses the company’s CSR strategy and activities against the yard sticks provided by the Ghana Business Code and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). In analyzing AGA’s strategy, we explore the likely motivating factors driving the company’s CSR activities and how these drivers inform AngloGold’s responsiveness to environmental, social and other stakeholder issues. InRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesNew vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043 will be when the last newspapers land on front process all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confined to reading news, watching television †¢ Click of mouse, people can access instantaneous info and news online †¢ Proliferation of online blogs and social networking sites such as Twitter threaten

Developing an Advertising Campaign Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advertising Campaign. Answer: Introduction Advertising campaigns are focusing towards increasing the sales as well as profits for strengthening the image of the company and therefore, improving the market position of Bounce Fitness Company. There occurs the use of an advertising campaign depending on the aspect of publicity planning. The scenario to plan as well as implement will be considered by the advertising agency. Principles of effective advertising Raising sales Maintaining or building brand loyalty Assisting in the launching of new product Changing the attitudes of the customers Building the image of the company or brand Reducing the impact of competition To infer it might be stated that advertising is basically a particular task of communication and an effective way of informing, persuading as well as reminding customers regarding a new product. Principles and purposes of advertising, consumer behaviour and influence on buyer behaviour These are associated with the cultural factors, special factors, personal factors as well as psychological factors. Brands are having the scope towards developing a strategic aspect, a message for marketing and in this context, an advertising campaign is moving in an effective manner as well as in line with the requirements as well as methods to think of their target customers. Clarify the needs of the proposed campaign There is the requirement of having adequate detail for providing particular guidance for the managers. For clarifying the needs of the proposed campaign, there is the requirement for undertaking the task, amount of change, time-frame as well as audience. Determining that the campaign was ethical Ethical principles are referring to the quality of openness, honesty, integrity, impartiality, accountability, tolerance, respect for individuals, fairness as well as individual accountability. For determining that the campaign was ethical, there is the requirement to have clarity that the companys product as well as business is correct and receiving a government certificate will strengthen the ethical aspect further. There is also the requirement for explaining that the correct thing is being done and there is the need to be realistic as well. Other markets to be taken into consideration The other markets that will be considered when making decisions where to focus are the consumer markets, business markets, international markets as well as government or non-profit market. The consumer market will be taken into consideration since there is a growing awareness amongst the people to maintain a healthy lifestyle and it is now being considered that Fit is the New Rich. Taking this into consideration, a lot of focus has been given to the consumer markets and the other markets are being discarded because the service that Bounce Fitness is providing is not in direct relation with those markets. Meaning of industry, services, products and organization Industry is associated with the production of products or related services within the economy. In a company, services and products are considered being very significant. There is the requirement for providing the customers with effective products as well as services for running the business in an effective manner. There is also the requirement for having honesty as well as giving respect to the customers. Purposes and objectives from the marketing plan The purposes of the marketing plan for Bounce Fitness are mentioned as under, Objectives The main purpose regarding the marketing plan is setting Bounce Fitness on a particular course regarding marketing. Marketing goals are in general, aligned with wider goals of the company. With its purpose to grow, Bounce Fitness will be having a marketing plan that will be emphasizing on the strategic aspects for increasing the base of customers. In this regard, a low penetration strategy for pricing can be used. To gain the share of the market, increase awareness of the customers as well as to build favourable behaviours are other common goals. The objectives component relating to a marketing plan will assist Bounce Fitness to make sure every investment related to marketing will be having target. Budget In a systematic marketing plan, there is the requirement for laying out the required budget as well as resources required for completing the goals that have been mentioned. The plan will be allowing the aspect of showcasing what the company is trying to achieve with the budget. (Ariztia 2015) Accountability Different aspects of the marketing plan is relating to the aspect of being accountable. The plan is a basic commitment from the leaders of the company as well as marketing employees towards taking the company in a specific direction. After outlining the strategic aspect as well as developing the tasks, there will be the assigning of each task to an individual or team towards implementation. Strategic Planning The marketing plan is considered being a significant document that will be coinciding with a wider organizational strategic plan. To have a marketing plan will be assisting the organizational leaders in developing as well as monitoring the expectations in respect of other areas of function (De Mooiz 2013). Factors affecting the consumer responses towards the campaign The factors that might be influencing the consumer responses take into consideration relevant legislations that are mentioned as under, Anti discrimination legislation The Anti-Discrimination legislation is associated with the aspect of discriminating in regard to the protected traits that includes age, disability, race, sex, identification of gender in specific areas of public life which includes the aspect of employment. The anti-discrimination legislation includes Age Discrimination Act, 2004; Disability Discrimination Act, 1992; Racial Discrimination Act, 1975; Sex Discrimination Act, 1934. Consumer protection laws This is considered to be a national law in respect of trading as well as consumer protection. Concerning this law, the customers will be having undisturbed possession of products. Moreover, manufacturer will be having reasonable available capabilities towards the repairing of the products as well as parts of the products. Privacy laws These laws take into consideration the aspect of regulating the handling of personal information regarding individuals. Personal information is considered to be the information or viewpoint regarding an identified person. Under this law, the entities will be having increased accountabilities for managing information in a manner that is open as well as transparent. Trades Practices Act The Trade Practices Act will be dealing with mostly all parts of the marketplace that includes unfair market practices, safety of the products, monitoring of the prices as well as codes of practice regarding the industry. Its focus is inhibiting unethical practices by competitors as well as providing confidence to the customers to deal with businesses that are adhering to high standards (Ariztia 2015). Legal and ethical considerations relating to this brief When there occurs a lack of clearly set regulations, there exist legal, business as well as social impacts of not considering legal as well as ethical considerations. In different countries there are official companies mandated to vet advertising for ensuring it is not vulgar, not deceitful, as well as not culturally offensive. Even in the regulatory surroundings, there is space for advertising for offending or offering partial truths. While there was a time when these behavioural aspects could be bypassed or not challenged, in the current times, individuals are demanding complete responsibility. There is presently occurring the aspect of testing as well as monitoring with real propositions in respect of the integrity, credibility as well as reputation of the offending company. In absence of trustworthy status, neither organizations nor advertising agencies will be surviving, therefore, it is required to pay attention for safeguarding, as well as doing the fortification of the agency s reputation (Parente 2014). Research resource requirements for this campaign The research process that gets conducted takes into consideration the following aspects that is required for the advertising campaign that are, Focus Group This comprises of a comparatively small number of customers as well as a trained moderator who come together in respect of a discussion. A typical group comprises of 6 to 10 consumers that have the knowledge of buying as well as using the category of products in which the company is having interest in. The group will not comprise of just any customers but will be created concerning certain general traits. The main aspect regarding a focus group is having a complete discussion within the time-period (Krueger 2014). Demographic profiles of customers The demographic profiles of customers is providing a means to find out about the individuals in a category by offering limits within which researches are being conducted. It assists the advertisers in thinking in what was customers need to get addressed through the formation of groups that are considered being more actual than conceptual (Percy 2016). Range of media options to be considered The range of media options that needs to be considered for the advertising campaign are mentioned as under, Print Advertising Print publications are having reference with three types of advertisements such as newspaper, magazine as well as directory. This media option will be considered, since this is cost efficient and it can be a very efficient means of promoting a brand (Percy 2016). Digital Advertising This is the newest as well as fastest-growing category of advertising. There are various ways of digital ads that includes display advertising, video advertising, social advertising as well as search advertising. This media option will be considered, as because it will be providing Bounce Fitness the scope for remarketing, or retargeting potential consumers through the re-engagement of individuals that have visited their website earlier (Schudson 2013). Budget for using the chosen media options The media options that have been chosen in this context are print advertising as well as digital advertising. The budget that needs to be used in respect of media campaign is guided by various factors that might take into consideration, Distribution, with the alternatives for including the advertising in one or more editions The size of the advertisement Frequency of the number of times the advertisement will get included Placement in the publication which includes the advertisement of the company on the front page If the company will be selecting the option of printing the advertisement in colour or black-and-white (O'guinn 2014) For ensuring that the budget will not exceed can be considered through the following reasons, Stating the goals Calculating the ideal size of the audience Calculating the target impression count Estimating the cost per thousand Calculating the cost per ad set Advertising Schedule Critical Path Analysis Step 1: Specifying each activity Through the use of the work breakdown structure, there is the requirement for the identification of each activity that is having an involvement in the project. This list regarding the specification of activity will be including higher-level activities. The first stage is identifying the major deliverables regarding a project. Step 2: Establishing dependencies Certain activities will be depending on the aspect of listing the immediate predecessors of every activity that will assist in identifying the appropriate order. Step 3: Drawing the network diagram After the identification of the activities as well as their reliance, there is the requirement for drawing the critical path analysis chart or CPA, which is regarded as the network diagram. Figure 1 Critical Path Analysis Chart Source: (SmartSheet, 2017) Step 4: Estimating the activity completion time For estimating the activity completion time, there is the need for using the 3-point estimation method that includes, a = the best-case estimate m = the most likely estimate b = the worst-case estimate Step 5: Identifying the Critical Path There are two ways of identifying the critical path. One of them is identifying the longest path all through the network, which is the longest activity sequence in respect of the path. The identification can also be done through critical activities with the help of Forward Pass or Backward Pass process, towards the identification of the earliest start as well as finish time-period and the newest starting as well as finishing time in respect of every activity. Step 6: Updating the critical path diagram to show progress The updating of the network diagram can be made when there occurs the emergence of new information, and there might occur the recalculation of a different critical path (Moriarty 2014). Conclusion This assignment is inferring the fact that advertising campaigns will be assisting Bounce Fitness towards promoting the service for reaching a new base of customers, building market awareness as well as growth regarding sales. Prior to the development of the advertising campaign, there is the requirement for considering position of the company in the market as well as designing the advertising campaign by considering the values, characteristics as well as beneficial aspects of the services in relation to the campaign. Reference Ariztia, T., 2015. Unpacking insight: How consumers are qualified by advertising agencies.Journal of Consumer Culture,15(2), pp.143-162. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Krueger, R.A. and Casey, M.A., 2014.Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R. and Scheinbaum, A.C., 2014.Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Percy, L., Elliott, R.H. and Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2016.Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Schudson, M., 2013.Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. Routledge.