Essay on Physics in Everyday Life - 1684 Words

Physics in Everyday Life 1 Just about everything you do from moving to eating to listening to music involves physics. Now that I have really explored them I think it is hard to go about our day and not do something that involves physics. Some of the things I will talk about are getting out of bed, the eye and how eye glasses help a person see better, speakers, the Frisbee, sailing, and the pulleys I use to get my jeep unstuck in the mud when I ride in the woods. All of these require energy, and energy is what physics is all about. There is kinetic energy, potential energy, conservation of energy, velocity, acceleration, mass, force, and gravity. Energy gives you the ability to do work. Energy is everywhere in nature†¦show more content†¦Conservation of energy is...TE = PE + KE + WE; where total energy is made up of potential energy, kinetic energy, and work energy. Your total energy is conserved while walking. The potential energy is the biochemical potential of your muscles and frame, which i s converted by work into kinetic energy, which is the walking part. From a standing still point you need TE to total energy to push off with your foot. You need that force because the 1st law says your body is lazy and wont move unless pushed. But once you get going you can reduce that force a bit because his law also says once you get going your body wants to keep going. In fact, if you want to stop, youll need to exert some force to do that. The force to stop comes from the static friction of your foot or shoe against the bottom material it is on, such as a floor or cement outside. That creates the opposite reaction of Newton’s third law and as that force pushes you forward. While the forward momentum is going on you also have the force of gravity to deal with as well as keeping your balance. I looked into the physics of the eye itself and into corrective lenses because I wear glasses. The human eye is a very complex piece of anatomy. Like a camera, the eye is able to refract light and produce an image that can enable someone to see. The eye is an opaque eyeball filled with liquid. In the front of the eyeball is a transparent opening known as the cornea. The cornea is a thin membraneShow MoreRelatedPhysics : The Physics Of Physics1654 Words   |  7 PagesPhysics is defined as a branch of science that explains the properties of matter and energy. The study of Physics offers explanations for many topics like mecha nics, light, heat, and electricity. Physics is present in all forms throughout a person’s life. It could be from the smallest crunch of an autumn leaf to the many ways energy is harnessed to support the lifestyle we’ve become accustomed. Physics is literally everywhere. Physics is most strongly presented in my life by automobiles, how physicsRead More Physics in Sports Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics in Sports nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. In reality math, science, and especially physics, tie into every aspect of sports. Sports are a commonality that brings nations together, Soccer, known as football to most of the world, is said to an unspoken language, which unties people from different lands through a passion to play a game. AthleticsRead MoreEssay about The Physic of Paintball1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe Physic of Paintball I.The Fundamentals of the Game of Paintball. Paintball is a sport that is still fairly new in the world being not much more that a decade old. This game as with other sports would not be possible without physics. Physics is essential to the game of paintball. 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Are Humans Culpable For Global Climate Change - 1334 Words

Are Humans Culpable for Global Climate Change? Earth, a vibrant blue sphere in the solar system, is the only planet in the solar system that is currently known to host a multitude of life. Everything needed to survive and thrive is provided under a thin veil of atmosphere that separates all terrestrial organisms from the vast, frigid void of space. Earth is made up of intricate, collaborating systems that are often unpredictable. Land, water, air, and life-bearing organisms, including humans, collaborate to create a constantly fluctuating biosphere that is still being investigated to have a deeper understanding of its processes. In today’s technological age, the collection and interpretation of data has become paramount to help devise strategies to combat future threats. Data collection comes in many forms, but the collection and interpretation of climate data will be the topic under scrutiny. Recent data collected and analyzed by scientists suggests that the global climate is increasing in temperature and that information may be a cause for alarm. Why would this be a cause for alarm? The alarm should come from an understanding of how each living organism depends on one another to survive. If the delicate biological cycle is damaged or broken, the results could be catastrophic; forever changing the planet. This change in temperature may potentially affect all organisms that are currently known and those that have yet to be discovered and documented. This scenario is far tooShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Global Warming1652 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the issue of global warming comes up in conversations, people usually groan and avoid conversation, and many roll up their sleeves and prepare for a heated debate. Some people feel culpable and concerned; others simply do not care. There exist many contrasting viewpoints which yield very distinctive stances on the subject. 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Developing an Advertising Campaign Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advertising Campaign. Answer: Introduction Advertising campaigns are focusing towards increasing the sales as well as profits for strengthening the image of the company and therefore, improving the market position of Bounce Fitness Company. There occurs the use of an advertising campaign depending on the aspect of publicity planning. The scenario to plan as well as implement will be considered by the advertising agency. Principles of effective advertising Raising sales Maintaining or building brand loyalty Assisting in the launching of new product Changing the attitudes of the customers Building the image of the company or brand Reducing the impact of competition To infer it might be stated that advertising is basically a particular task of communication and an effective way of informing, persuading as well as reminding customers regarding a new product. Principles and purposes of advertising, consumer behaviour and influence on buyer behaviour These are associated with the cultural factors, special factors, personal factors as well as psychological factors. Brands are having the scope towards developing a strategic aspect, a message for marketing and in this context, an advertising campaign is moving in an effective manner as well as in line with the requirements as well as methods to think of their target customers. Clarify the needs of the proposed campaign There is the requirement of having adequate detail for providing particular guidance for the managers. For clarifying the needs of the proposed campaign, there is the requirement for undertaking the task, amount of change, time-frame as well as audience. Determining that the campaign was ethical Ethical principles are referring to the quality of openness, honesty, integrity, impartiality, accountability, tolerance, respect for individuals, fairness as well as individual accountability. For determining that the campaign was ethical, there is the requirement to have clarity that the companys product as well as business is correct and receiving a government certificate will strengthen the ethical aspect further. There is also the requirement for explaining that the correct thing is being done and there is the need to be realistic as well. Other markets to be taken into consideration The other markets that will be considered when making decisions where to focus are the consumer markets, business markets, international markets as well as government or non-profit market. The consumer market will be taken into consideration since there is a growing awareness amongst the people to maintain a healthy lifestyle and it is now being considered that Fit is the New Rich. Taking this into consideration, a lot of focus has been given to the consumer markets and the other markets are being discarded because the service that Bounce Fitness is providing is not in direct relation with those markets. Meaning of industry, services, products and organization Industry is associated with the production of products or related services within the economy. In a company, services and products are considered being very significant. There is the requirement for providing the customers with effective products as well as services for running the business in an effective manner. There is also the requirement for having honesty as well as giving respect to the customers. Purposes and objectives from the marketing plan The purposes of the marketing plan for Bounce Fitness are mentioned as under, Objectives The main purpose regarding the marketing plan is setting Bounce Fitness on a particular course regarding marketing. Marketing goals are in general, aligned with wider goals of the company. With its purpose to grow, Bounce Fitness will be having a marketing plan that will be emphasizing on the strategic aspects for increasing the base of customers. In this regard, a low penetration strategy for pricing can be used. To gain the share of the market, increase awareness of the customers as well as to build favourable behaviours are other common goals. The objectives component relating to a marketing plan will assist Bounce Fitness to make sure every investment related to marketing will be having target. Budget In a systematic marketing plan, there is the requirement for laying out the required budget as well as resources required for completing the goals that have been mentioned. The plan will be allowing the aspect of showcasing what the company is trying to achieve with the budget. (Ariztia 2015) Accountability Different aspects of the marketing plan is relating to the aspect of being accountable. The plan is a basic commitment from the leaders of the company as well as marketing employees towards taking the company in a specific direction. After outlining the strategic aspect as well as developing the tasks, there will be the assigning of each task to an individual or team towards implementation. Strategic Planning The marketing plan is considered being a significant document that will be coinciding with a wider organizational strategic plan. To have a marketing plan will be assisting the organizational leaders in developing as well as monitoring the expectations in respect of other areas of function (De Mooiz 2013). Factors affecting the consumer responses towards the campaign The factors that might be influencing the consumer responses take into consideration relevant legislations that are mentioned as under, Anti discrimination legislation The Anti-Discrimination legislation is associated with the aspect of discriminating in regard to the protected traits that includes age, disability, race, sex, identification of gender in specific areas of public life which includes the aspect of employment. The anti-discrimination legislation includes Age Discrimination Act, 2004; Disability Discrimination Act, 1992; Racial Discrimination Act, 1975; Sex Discrimination Act, 1934. Consumer protection laws This is considered to be a national law in respect of trading as well as consumer protection. Concerning this law, the customers will be having undisturbed possession of products. Moreover, manufacturer will be having reasonable available capabilities towards the repairing of the products as well as parts of the products. Privacy laws These laws take into consideration the aspect of regulating the handling of personal information regarding individuals. Personal information is considered to be the information or viewpoint regarding an identified person. Under this law, the entities will be having increased accountabilities for managing information in a manner that is open as well as transparent. Trades Practices Act The Trade Practices Act will be dealing with mostly all parts of the marketplace that includes unfair market practices, safety of the products, monitoring of the prices as well as codes of practice regarding the industry. Its focus is inhibiting unethical practices by competitors as well as providing confidence to the customers to deal with businesses that are adhering to high standards (Ariztia 2015). Legal and ethical considerations relating to this brief When there occurs a lack of clearly set regulations, there exist legal, business as well as social impacts of not considering legal as well as ethical considerations. In different countries there are official companies mandated to vet advertising for ensuring it is not vulgar, not deceitful, as well as not culturally offensive. Even in the regulatory surroundings, there is space for advertising for offending or offering partial truths. While there was a time when these behavioural aspects could be bypassed or not challenged, in the current times, individuals are demanding complete responsibility. There is presently occurring the aspect of testing as well as monitoring with real propositions in respect of the integrity, credibility as well as reputation of the offending company. In absence of trustworthy status, neither organizations nor advertising agencies will be surviving, therefore, it is required to pay attention for safeguarding, as well as doing the fortification of the agency s reputation (Parente 2014). Research resource requirements for this campaign The research process that gets conducted takes into consideration the following aspects that is required for the advertising campaign that are, Focus Group This comprises of a comparatively small number of customers as well as a trained moderator who come together in respect of a discussion. A typical group comprises of 6 to 10 consumers that have the knowledge of buying as well as using the category of products in which the company is having interest in. The group will not comprise of just any customers but will be created concerning certain general traits. The main aspect regarding a focus group is having a complete discussion within the time-period (Krueger 2014). Demographic profiles of customers The demographic profiles of customers is providing a means to find out about the individuals in a category by offering limits within which researches are being conducted. It assists the advertisers in thinking in what was customers need to get addressed through the formation of groups that are considered being more actual than conceptual (Percy 2016). Range of media options to be considered The range of media options that needs to be considered for the advertising campaign are mentioned as under, Print Advertising Print publications are having reference with three types of advertisements such as newspaper, magazine as well as directory. This media option will be considered, since this is cost efficient and it can be a very efficient means of promoting a brand (Percy 2016). Digital Advertising This is the newest as well as fastest-growing category of advertising. There are various ways of digital ads that includes display advertising, video advertising, social advertising as well as search advertising. This media option will be considered, as because it will be providing Bounce Fitness the scope for remarketing, or retargeting potential consumers through the re-engagement of individuals that have visited their website earlier (Schudson 2013). Budget for using the chosen media options The media options that have been chosen in this context are print advertising as well as digital advertising. The budget that needs to be used in respect of media campaign is guided by various factors that might take into consideration, Distribution, with the alternatives for including the advertising in one or more editions The size of the advertisement Frequency of the number of times the advertisement will get included Placement in the publication which includes the advertisement of the company on the front page If the company will be selecting the option of printing the advertisement in colour or black-and-white (O'guinn 2014) For ensuring that the budget will not exceed can be considered through the following reasons, Stating the goals Calculating the ideal size of the audience Calculating the target impression count Estimating the cost per thousand Calculating the cost per ad set Advertising Schedule Critical Path Analysis Step 1: Specifying each activity Through the use of the work breakdown structure, there is the requirement for the identification of each activity that is having an involvement in the project. This list regarding the specification of activity will be including higher-level activities. The first stage is identifying the major deliverables regarding a project. Step 2: Establishing dependencies Certain activities will be depending on the aspect of listing the immediate predecessors of every activity that will assist in identifying the appropriate order. Step 3: Drawing the network diagram After the identification of the activities as well as their reliance, there is the requirement for drawing the critical path analysis chart or CPA, which is regarded as the network diagram. Figure 1 Critical Path Analysis Chart Source: (SmartSheet, 2017) Step 4: Estimating the activity completion time For estimating the activity completion time, there is the need for using the 3-point estimation method that includes, a = the best-case estimate m = the most likely estimate b = the worst-case estimate Step 5: Identifying the Critical Path There are two ways of identifying the critical path. One of them is identifying the longest path all through the network, which is the longest activity sequence in respect of the path. The identification can also be done through critical activities with the help of Forward Pass or Backward Pass process, towards the identification of the earliest start as well as finish time-period and the newest starting as well as finishing time in respect of every activity. Step 6: Updating the critical path diagram to show progress The updating of the network diagram can be made when there occurs the emergence of new information, and there might occur the recalculation of a different critical path (Moriarty 2014). Conclusion This assignment is inferring the fact that advertising campaigns will be assisting Bounce Fitness towards promoting the service for reaching a new base of customers, building market awareness as well as growth regarding sales. Prior to the development of the advertising campaign, there is the requirement for considering position of the company in the market as well as designing the advertising campaign by considering the values, characteristics as well as beneficial aspects of the services in relation to the campaign. Reference Ariztia, T., 2015. Unpacking insight: How consumers are qualified by advertising agencies.Journal of Consumer Culture,15(2), pp.143-162. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Krueger, R.A. and Casey, M.A., 2014.Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R. and Scheinbaum, A.C., 2014.Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Percy, L., Elliott, R.H. and Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2016.Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Schudson, M., 2013.Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. Routledge.

Use and misuse of technology Essay Example

Use and misuse of technology Paper English 111 Use and misuse of technology in higher education The use of technology in higher education has become a very critical point in Schools, Universities, and many other learning institutions. Teachers, school educators however found it very helpful to increase the number of students attending colleges and provide a better way of learning. Mind you, students now can attend colleges no matter where in the world they are located. They can apply to colleges, register for classes and even attending the classes distantly. Despite all of those good things that are possible due to technology, some students fall deeply into sing it in an abusive manner. They have become more and more dependent on technology to do their school works. In classroom, many students are armed with iPads, laptops, tablets and other electronic devices. Furthermore, studies have shown that many students interact more with these devices than with the books. Consequently, they get distracted and lose their focus in the class. Yet teachers are in disagreement with this invasion which is technology in classroom, they are also working very hard to come up with other methods of teaching that will help these students to be more focus and lessen their attention on their daily routine which is sing their toys while in class. We will write a custom essay sample on Use and misuse of technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Use and misuse of technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Use and misuse of technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While this war is on between digital native (young people who have grown up in immersive computing environment) digital immigrant (people who have yet to learn how to use a computer), thinkers are analyzing the issue and come with answers that will help proving that technology in higher education can be misused and at the same time useful in higher education. To expand the topic, the following lines will discuss the misuse of technology in higher education, its use; also give some recommendations that will help student be more successful in their education . First, technology is misused by some students are hacking into the school severs, using email to intimidate or threaten other students. They are downloading music and plagiarizing information from the internet and use them as their own. They are constantly checking the cellular phones during class time, accessing pornographic web sites, and playing video games during in class. This is an uncontrollable situation. While the use of technology is supposed to bring changes in the traditional way that teachers used to teach, student used to learn but still doesnt prevent some students taking advantage of these changes and use them s they want. Second, Technology in higher education has also affected humans interaction in classroom. Since technology has been introduced as an alternative for teaching back in 1900s, it has gradually take the place of the human teachers and now students mostly rely on computers, television and other electronic devices as the computer at home that will help them do their work. Although this technology brings certain benefits in the classroom, it also causes some students to be unexcited and lazy to learn at school. They believe that learning by themselves using the computer is a much better and faster. However, these students are wrong. Cynthia M. Frisby, associate professor of Strategic communication at the University of Missouri, has noticed students on Myspace and eBay during her lectures. She has also noticed more failing grades. The final straw, she says, came in an e-mail from a student complimenting my outfit, failing to realize that the time stamp was on the e- mail, further suggesting that he was not paying attention to my lecture. Now she bans laptops in her large lecture courses and has a clause in her syllabus about the inappropriate use of technology. The result? Huge increases in attention and better erformance on exams, she says. Students have even mentioned that they feel like they are doing better without the laptop. This anecdote clearly shows that students are still young and curious but they need an ongoing motivation, guidance, and support to excel in education. While technology in higher education is being misuse by certain users, it is important that we mention some great features that technology allows us to do. In addition, due to technology our children are able to acquire a lot of skills. This is the first time in history that students have the ability to research any topic. They are not obligated to be in a classroom or in a library. Technology has unlocked the doors to an ocean-wide of information, which is not always accurate. Therefore, they need to learn and look carefully through it all and get the good stuff. This ocean-wide of information and current vault of technology has also allowed students to truly engage themselves in their education by developing personal educational plans or studying fields that may interest them. When students take full responsibility and engage themselves in their own learning in order to reach his or her own ultimate oal, everybody wins. For example, a chemistry teacher might want his or her students to do a project about Chemical Structures, Acid and Bases. Each student could choose a specific part of the topic that tickles their interest such as Acid indicators, structures of molecules etc. The assignment could then be diversified by allowing students to search for information from different websites -watch videos about acid and bases. They can then group together create a wiki for example which is website that allows its users to add, modify, or delete its content via a web browser sually using a simplified markup language or a rich-text editor. With this software, students can develop or design chemical fgures to show how certain acids or bases are formed. Moreover, they have access to data bases of their school where they can also look for more resources that are related to their topics. Finally, they can create a podcast which is video editing software that allows them to put to put together their findings and share it as a full length video in class. The possibilities are innumerable all thanks to technology, teacher, and student sense of creativity! To quote Edutopia, n on-line publication, Learning through projects while equipped with technology tools allows students to be intellectually challenged while providing them with a realistic snapshot of what the modern office looks like. Through projects, students acquire and refine their analysis and problem-solving skills as they work individually Another interesting and very important feature of technology in education is the Distance education also known as the e-learning. It is a method of education where student can study in their own time, at their own place (home, work, and library) and ithout an actual face-to-face interaction with a teacher. In addition, it is more flexible in terms of time and geographical position of an individual learner. They can be anywhere in the world and still attend classes in their own time. Meanwhile, severe changes have occurred in classroom nowadays. Nearly 60% of survey respondents say that professors will soon teach in more than one category. At NYUs top-ranked tax law program, for instance, classroom courses are videotaped with three cameras and an audio mixer. The course goes online within 30 minutes, says Mr. Delaney. Within 24 hours, students interested in reviewing a certain case or topic can click an online index that charts the content of the entire class and [can] view the portion that interests them. This has never happen before! Students have access to billion sources of information Just by typing a topi c whatsoever and click search. Due to technology that has been introduced to the education system, colleges have loosened a little bit and become more influencing on students passion to learn. For example, before technology, students were bound by classroom and library walls. They had no alternative. They had to go to libraries to read those heavy books in order to do their homework. Now thanks to technology, they have the choice whether they want to go to the libraries to do research or not. They have iPads, computers, and e-books which is also a tablet that can store millions of books. They only have to type the name of the book and it will pop up on their devices screen and they can Just read through line get the information they wanted. Overall, technology had really impacted education on all angles. It has change the traditional way that we use to learn also the way that teachers use to teach. It has nd always will play a very important role in our daily lives. Technology Paper StudyMode. com. 01 2009. 01 2009 . CHICAGO Technology Paper. StudyMode. com. 01, 2009. Accessed 01, 2009. http:// www. studymode. com/essays/Technology-Paper- 190598. html. BAUGEJA, Michael, Distraction in The Wireless Classroom, The Chronicle in Higher Education, http://chronicle. com, Jan 26 2007. A. W. BATES, Tony Technology, E- Learning and Distance Education, Second edition published in Feb 23, 2005. Mike S. Ribble and Gerald D. Bailey, T. H. E Journal Online, Monitoring Technology Misuse Abuse, Published on August 24, 2004

Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps OROTC Program Essay Example

Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps OROTC Program Essay Example Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps OROTC Program Essay Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps OROTC Program Essay The Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps OROTC program can be a Journey of life changing experiences that can and will build character and leadership. I am currently a freshman and I am enrolled in the JROTC program at Boca Ciega High School, and at first I wasnt sure what to expect and who I would encounter. Throughout my year so far being a cadet, I am being challenged physically, mentally, and emotionally. But I was able to learn more about teamwork and leadership through this short span. The curriculum consists of practical exercises that directly target an individuals leadership and character. JROTC has taught me what I would not have learned in any other class in high school. Older cadets have overcome fears and have formed lifelong friendships and unforgettable memories. And I do intend on being like my role models in this program. Overall, they have found that JROTC has molded a sense of character within them Just it has for me. JROTC unque because it uses a clear chain of command that consists of the students (cadets) themselves. The fact that the organization is cadet-run is great, because it gives us the independence for us to make decisions that impact us directly and because of that, we are free to make the organization our own. Personally, I gained more confidence, better people skills, great grammar, how to talk in a large number of groups, and personality. JROTC brings out the best in me and my fellow cadets because of the high level of maturity expected of them from the instructors and the huge student participation in running the program. The program also prepares us or life after high school, helping us to learn our personality types and how to interact with other types. We also learned to respect ourselves and others when wearing uniform and when we are not. We learn to step outside our comfort zone and become acquainted with the world around us; the world we are to survive in after graduation. Our JROTC instructors help us to learn what life may bring us after we may not see them again. And as for my opinion on my instructors, I have to say that I have enormous amount of respect for who they are and what they did.

Biography of Sukarno, Indonesias First President

Biography of Sukarno, Indonesias First President Sukarno (June 6, 1901–June 21, 1970) was the first leader of independent Indonesia. Born in Java when the island was part of the Dutch East Indies, Sukarno rose to power in 1949. Rather than supporting Indonesias original parliamentary system, he created a guided democracy over which he held control. Sukarno was deposed by a military coup in 1965 and died under house arrest in 1970. Fast Facts: Sukarno Known For: First leader of an independent IndonesiaAlso Known As:  Kusno Sosrodihardjo (original name), Bung Karno (brother or comrade)Born:  June 6, 1901 in  Surabaya, Dutch East IndiesParents: Raden Sukemi Sosrodihardjo, Ida Njoman RaiDied: June 21, 1970 in Jakarta, IndonesiaEducation: Technical Institute in BandungPublished Works:  Sukarno: An Autobiography, Indonesia Accuses!, To My PeopleAwards and Honors:  International Lenin Peace Prize (1960), 26 honorary degrees from universities including Columbia University and the University of MichiganSpouse(s): Siti Oetari, Inggit  Garnisih, Fatmawati, and five polygamous wives: Naoko Nemoto (Indonesian name, Ratna Dewi Sukarno), Kartini Manoppo, Yurike Sanger, Heldy Djafar, and Amelia do la Rama.Children: Totok Suryawan, Ayu Gembirowati, Karina Kartika, Sari Dewi Sukarno, Taufan Sukarno, Bayu Sukarno, Megawati Sukarnoputri, Rachmawati Sukarnoputri, Sukmawati Sukarnoputri, Guruh Sukarnoputra, Ratna Juami (adopted), Kartika ( adopted)Notable Quote: Let us not be bitter about the past, but let us keep our eyes firmly on the future. Early Life Sukarno was born on June 6, 1901, in Surabaya, and was given the name Kusno Sosrodihardjo. His parents later renamed him Sukarno after he survived a serious illness. Sukarnos father was Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo, a Muslim aristocrat and school teacher from Java. His mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai was a Hindu of the Brahmin caste from Bali. Young Sukarno went to a local elementary school until 1912. He then attended a Dutch middle school in Mojokerto, followed in 1916 by a Dutch high school in Surabaya. The young man was gifted with a photographic memory and a talent for languages, including Javanese, Balinese, Sundanese, Dutch, English, French, Arabic, Bahasa Indonesia, German, and Japanese. Marriages and Divorces While in Surabaya for high school, Sukarno lived with the Indonesian nationalist leader Tjokroaminoto. He fell in love with his landlords daughter Siti Oetari, who he married in 1920. The following year, however, Sukarno went to study civil engineering at the Technical Institute in Bandung and fell in love again. This time, his partner was the boarding-house owners wife Inggit, who was 13 years older than Sukarno. They each divorced their spouses and married each other in 1923. Inggit and Sukarno remained married for 20 years but never had children. Sukarno divorced her in 1943 and married a teenager named Fatmawati. She would bear Sukarno five children, including Indonesias first female president, Megawati Sukarnoputri. In 1953, President Sukarno decided to become polygamous in accordance with Muslim law. When he married a Javanese woman named Hartini in 1954, First Lady Fatmawati was so angry that she moved out of the presidential palace. Over the next 16 years, Sukarno would take five additional wives: a Japanese teen named Naoko Nemoto (Indonesian name Ratna Dewi Sukarno), Kartini Manoppo, Yurike Sanger, Heldy Djafar, and Amelia do la Rama. Indonesian Independence Movement Sukarno began to think about independence for the Dutch East Indies while he was in high school. During college, he read deeply on different political philosophies, including communism, capitalist democracy, and Islamism, developing his own syncretic ideology of Indonesian socialist self-sufficiency. He also established the Algameene Studieclub for like-minded Indonesian students. In 1927, Sukarno and the other members of the Algameene Studieclub reorganized themselves as the Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), an anti-imperialist, anti-capitalist independence party. Sukarno became the first leader of the PNI. Sukarno hoped to enlist Japanese help in overcoming Dutch colonialism and unite the different peoples of the Dutch East Indies into a single nation. The Dutch colonial secret police soon learned of the PNI, and in late December 1929, Sukarno and the other members were arrested. At his trial, which lasted for the last five months of 1930, Sukarno made a series of impassioned political speeches against imperialism that attracted widespread attention. Sukarno was sentenced to four years in prison and went to the Sukamiskin Prison in Bandung to begin serving his time. However, press coverage of his speeches so impressed liberal factions in the Netherlands and in the Dutch East Indies that Sukarno was released after just one year. He had also become very popular with the Indonesian people. While Sukarno was in prison, the PNI split into two opposing factions. One party, the Partai Indonesia, favored a militant approach to revolution, while the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia (PNI Baroe) advocated slow revolution through education and peaceful resistance. Sukarno agreed with the Partai Indonesia approach more than the PNIs, so he became the head of that party in 1932 after his release from prison. On August 1, 1933, the Dutch police arrested Sukarno once again while he was visiting Jakarta. Japanese Occupation In February 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded the Dutch East Indies. Cut off from help by the German occupation of the Netherlands, the colonial Dutch quickly surrendered to the Japanese. The Dutch forced-marched Sukarno to Padang, Sumatra, intending to send him to Australia as a prisoner, but had to leave him in order to save themselves as Japanese forces approached. The Japanese commander, Gen. Hitoshi Imamura, recruited Sukarno to lead the Indonesians under Japans rule. Sukarno was happy to collaborate with them at first, in hopes of keeping the Dutch out of the East Indies. However, the Japanese soon began to impress millions of Indonesian workers, particularly Javanese, as forced labor. These romusha workers had to build airfields and railways and grow crops for the Japanese. They worked very hard with little food or water and were regularly abused by the Japanese overseers, which quickly soured relations between the Indonesians and Japan. Sukarno would never live down his collaboration with the Japanese. Declaration of Independence for Indonesia In June 1945, Sukarno introduced his five-point Pancasila, or principles of an independent Indonesia. They included a belief in God but tolerance of all religions, internationalism and just humanity, the unity of all Indonesia, democracy through consensus, and social justice for all. On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allied Powers. Sukarnos young supporters urged him to immediately declare independence, but he feared retribution from the Japanese troops still present. On August 16, the impatient youth leaders kidnapped Sukarno and then convinced him to declare independence the following day. On August 18 at 10 a.m., Sukarno spoke to a crowd of 500 in front of his home and declared the Republic of Indonesia independent, with himself serving as president and his friend Mohammad Hatta as vice president. He also promulgated the 1945 Indonesian Constitution, which included the Pancasila. Although the Japanese troops still in the country tried to suppress news of the declaration, word spread quickly through the grapevine. One month later, on September 19, 1945, Sukarno spoke to a crowd of more than one million at Merdeka Square in Jakarta. The new independence government controlled Java and Sumatra, while the Japanese maintained their hold on the other islands; the Dutch and other Allied Powers had yet to show up. Negotiated Settlement With the Netherlands Toward the end of September 1945, the British finally made an appearance in Indonesia, occupying the major cities by the end of October. The Allies repatriated 70,000 Japanese and formally returned the country to its status as a Dutch colony. Due to his status as a collaborator with the Japanese, Sukarno had to appoint an untainted prime minister, Sutan Sjahrir, and allow the election of a parliament as he pushed for international recognition of the Republic of Indonesia. Under the British occupation, Dutch colonial troops and officials began to return, arming the Dutch POWs formerly held captive by the Japanese and going on shooting sprees against Indonesians. In November, the city of Surabaya experienced an all-out battle in which thousands of Indonesians and 300 British troops died. This incident encouraged the British to hurry their withdrawal from Indonesia and by November of 1946, all British troops were gone and 150,000 Dutch soldiers returned. Faced with this show of force and the prospect of a long and bloody independence struggle, Sukarno decided to negotiate a settlement with the Dutch. Despite vociferous opposition from other Indonesian nationalist parties, Sukarno agreed to the November 1946 Linggadjati Agreement, which gave his government control of Java, Sumatra, and Madura only. However, in July 1947, the Dutch violated the agreement and launched Operatie Product, an all-out invasion of the Republican-held islands. International condemnation forced them to halt the invasion the following month, and former Prime Minister Sjahrir flew to New York to appeal to the United Nations for intervention. The Dutch refused to withdraw from the areas already seized in Operatie Product, and the Indonesian nationalist government had to sign the Renville Agreement in January 1948 as a result, which recognized Dutch control of Java and the best agricultural land in Sumatra. All over the islands, guerrilla groups not aligned with Sukarnos government sprang up to fight the Dutch. In December 1948, the Dutch launched another major invasion of Indonesia called Operatie Kraai. They arrested Sukarno, then-Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta, Sjahrir, and other Nationalist leaders. The backlash to this invasion from the international community was even stronger; the United States threatened to halt Marshall Aid to the Netherlands if it did not desist. Under the dual threat of a strong Indonesian guerrilla effort and international pressure, the Dutch yielded. On May 7, 1949, they signed the Roem-van Roijen Agreement, turning over Yogyakarta to the Nationalists and releasing Sukarno and the other leaders from prison. On December 27, 1949, the Netherlands formally agreed to relinquish its claims to Indonesia. Sukarno Takes Power In August 1950, the last part of Indonesia became independent from the Dutch. Sukarnos role as president was mostly ceremonial, but as the Father of the Nation he wielded a lot of influence. The new country faced a number of challenges; Muslims, Hindus, and Christians clashed; ethnic Chinese clashed with Indonesians; and Islamists fought with pro-atheist communists. In addition, the military was divided between Japanese-trained troops and former guerrilla fighters. In October 1952, the former guerrillas surrounded Sukarnos palace with tanks, demanding that the parliament be dissolved. Sukarno went out alone and gave a speech, which convinced the military to back down. New elections in 1955 did nothing to improve stability in the country, however. Parliament was divided among all the various squabbling factions and Sukarno feared the entire edifice would collapse. Growing Autocracy Sukarno felt he needed more authority and that Western-style democracy would never function well in volatile Indonesia. Despite protests from Vice President Hatta, in 1956 he put forth his plan for guided democracy, under which Sukarno, as president, would lead the population to a consensus on national issues. In December 1956, Hatta resigned in opposition to this blatant power grab- a shock to citizens around the country. That month and into March 1957, military commanders in Sumatra and Sulawesi ousted the Republican local governments and took power. They demanded that Hatta be reinstated and communist influence over politics end. Sukarno responded by installing Djuanda Kartawidjaja as vice president, who agreed with him on guided democracy, and declaring martial law on March 14, 1957. Amid growing tensions, Sukarno went to a school function in Central Jakarta on November 30, 1957. A member of the Darul Islam group tried to assassinate him there with a grenade. Sukarno was unharmed, but six school children died. Sukarno tightened his grip on Indonesia, expelling 40,000 Dutch citizens and nationalizing all of their property, as well as that of Dutch-owned corporations such as the Royal Dutch Shell oil company. He also instituted rules against ethnic-Chinese ownership of rural land and businesses, forcing many thousands of Chinese to move to the cities and 100,000 to return to China. To quell military opposition in the outlying islands, Sukarno engaged in all-out air and sea invasions of Sumatra and Sulawesi. The rebel governments had all surrendered by the beginning of 1959, and the last guerrilla troops surrendered in August 1961. On July 5, 1959, Sukarno issued a presidential decree voiding the current Constitution and reinstating the 1945 Constitution, which gave the president significantly broader powers. He dissolved parliament in March 1960 and created a new Parliament, for which he directly appointed half of the members. The military arrested and jailed members of the opposition Islamist and socialist parties and shut down a newspaper that had criticized Sukarno. The president also began to add more communists to the government so that he wouldnt be solely reliant on the military for support. In response to these moves toward autocracy, Sukarno faced more than one assassination attempt. On March 9, 1960, an Indonesian Air Force officer strafed the presidential palace with the machine gun on his MiG-17, trying unsuccessfully to kill Sukarno. Islamists later shot at the president during Eid al-Adha prayers in 1962, but again Sukarno was unhurt. In 1963, Sukarnos hand-picked Parliament appointed him president for life. As a dictator, he made his own speeches and writings mandatory subjects for all Indonesian students, and all mass media in the country was required to report only on his ideology and actions. To top his cult of personality, Sukarno renamed the highest mountain in the country Puntjak Sukarno, or Sukarno Peak, in his own honor. Suhartos Coup Although Sukarno seemed to have Indonesia gripped in a mailed fist, his military/communist support coalition was fragile. The military resented the rapid growth of communism and began to seek an alliance with Islamist leaders, who also disliked the pro-atheism communists. Sensing that the military was growing disillusioned, Sukarno rescinded martial law in 1963 to curb the Armys power. In April 1965, the conflict between the military and communists increased when Sukarno supported communist leader Aidits call to arm the Indonesian peasantry. U.S. and British intelligence may or may not have established contacts with the military in Indonesia to explore the possibility of bringing down Sukarno. Meanwhile, the ordinary people suffered enormously as hyperinflation spiked to 600%; Sukarno cared little about economics and did nothing about the situation. At the break of day on October 1, 1965, the pro-communist 30 September Movement captured and killed six senior Army generals. The movement claimed that it acted to protect President Sukarno from an impending Army coup. It announced the dissolution of parliament and the creation of a Revolutionary Council. Major General Suharto of the strategic reserve command took control of the Army on October 2, having been promoted to the rank of army chief by a reluctant Sukarno, and quickly overcame the communist coup. Suharto and his Islamist allies then led a purge of communists and leftists in Indonesia, killing at least 500,000 people nationwide and imprisoning 1.5 million. Sukarno sought to maintain his hold on power by appealing to the people over the radio in January 1966. Massive student demonstrations broke out, and one student was shot dead and made a martyr by the Army in February. On March 11, 1966, Sukarno signed a Presidential Order known as the Supersemar that effectively handed control of the country over to General Suharto. Some sources claim he signed the order at gunpoint. Suharto immediately purged the government and the Army of Sukarno loyalists and initiated impeachment proceedings against Sukarno on the grounds of communism, economic negligence, and moral degradation- a reference to Sukarnos infamous womanizing. Death On March 12, 1967, Sukarno was formally ousted from the presidency and placed under house arrest at the Bogor Palace. The Suharto regime did not allow him proper medical care, so Sukarno died of kidney failure on June 21, 1970, in the Jakarta Army Hospital. He was 69 years old. Legacy Sukarno left behind an independent Indonesia- a major achievement of international proportions. On the other hand, despite his rehabilitation as a respected political figure, Sukarto also created a set of issues that continue to plague todays Indonesia. His daughter, Megawati, became Indonesias fifth president. Sources Hanna, Willard A. â€Å"Sukarno.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 17 June 2018.â€Å"Sukarno.†Ã‚  Ohio River - New World Encyclopedia.

Flash Cards Spelling Game Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Flash Cards Spelling Game - Coursework Example Flash Cards spelling game The game is played by giving each student a flash card. Each student should read out the word in his/her flash card and pick a volunteer to spell the word. The student who spells the word correctly becomes the next person to present. The game continues and only stops when all students have presented their words and correct spellings are done on each word. The teacher should first arrange the students to sit in a circle. Second, the teacher will issue each student with a unique flash card, which should not be shared with the neighbor. Third, the teacher should explain the game to the student and make sure that they understand the game. To start the game, the teacher will pick one flash card with a word â€Å"cupboard,† read the word aloud, and invite volunteers to spell the word. The picked student is supposed to spell the word without making any mistake within 10 seconds. If the picked student makes a mistake, another student among the volunteers will be picked until the word is spelled correctly. The student who gets the spelling right becomes the next one to present their word. The next student reads out the word in his/her flash card and invites volunteers to spell the word. The student with the correct spelling becomes the next one to present. ... Each team has equal opportunities to spell the words apart from when one team fails and the word has to be spelled by the other team. Each team has 10 seconds to spell the word which when it lapses, the next team gets the opportunity to spell the word. Each correct spelling earns the team 5 points where the team with the highest points wins the game. The teacher will first divide the class into team A and team B to contest on the spelling of 14 words he/she will instruct. The words are children, parents, compound, car, kitten, puppies, carpet, television, bedroom, grandfather, grandmother, home, brother, and sister. Second, the teacher should give instructions on how the game is played by use of an example of a word like â€Å"uncle.† The teacher reads out a word and chooses a team to spell the word in 10 seconds. If the team fails, the second team gets the opportunity to spell the same word which becomes a plus for the team if they get the spelling right. Each team gets seven opportunities to spell a word, meaning the teacher will pick the teams in an alternating manner. The teacher starts the game by asking team A to spell the word â€Å"children.† If the team A spells the word correctly, the teacher reads the second one and asks team B to spell. The game continues and only stops when all words have been spelled correctly. The team with the highest scores becomes the winner of the game. To address sentence structure mistake, â€Å"Cut-up sentence Kabadi† and â€Å"Add a word† games will be used. In both activities, students will get a chance to interact with sentences while making corrections on them where necessary. Cut-up sentence Kabadi The game is played by having two teams

Deportation is not a good solution to reduce illegal immigrants issues Essay

Deportation is not a good solution to reduce illegal immigrants issues - Essay Example This deportation may be mostly done to illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants are people who migrate to a certain place or country without following the right procedures or without formal certification of the migration. A country may deport illegal immigrants because of their unknown status to the security of the country. Reasons for such a person migrating may be several a fleeing criminal, or individuals fleeing from internal war in the country. If a person is a criminal then he/she migrates to a foreign country without formal accreditation and may pose as a security risk to that country. Deportation may be advantageous to the country, but it may also cause harm to the victims involved that is if the victim migrated his/her country because of political instability. Such victims may be seeking refuge in the current country, is deported then, he/she will lack place to go, and thus, he might be subjected to harsh environments. Rules of a given country give the rightful rights of depor ting immigrants living in the country with or without legal certification of staying in the country (Forsythe & Lawson 53). If a given country’s rules and regulations give authority of deporting the immigrants then, the immigrants have no luck of staying in the country. What is contained in this paper argues out that actually deportation is not a good solution to resolve illegal immigrants’ issues. ... ed by those individuals who have committed serious crimes, entered the country without legal certification, and overstayed their visa and,or they have lost their legal certification of staying in the country (Forsythe &Lawson53-54).External deportation is only done to those immigrants who have broken the rules of immigration. These rules govern the mode and way of migrating and additionally they give legal certification for staying in the given country. If these immigrants break the rules and enter the country without certification, they are deported back to their original countries. The second form of deportation is internal deportation, which occurs only in the country or state. This is whereby an individual is deported out of the state he/she does not belong to. For example, an individual can be deported from California back to his/her original state because he/she does not belong in California. In this form of deportation, the rules of the state are the ones facilitating this pro cess of deportation, but not the rules governing the whole country. Immigrants who migrate to the new place or state are subjected to deportation if they are there without legal certification of migration. This may also be referred to the country’s rules and regulation if need arises. Reasons for such deportation within a state is that an individual or a group of people may be acting as spies, helpers or undercover for the enemy and thus may bring harm to the state (Garcia 15). For example, the state of Georgia deported about 400 females who were workers at the mill industry. These female workers were deported on reasons that they were suspected to be northern sympathizers. This happened during the civil war. The governing body of Georgia had all the rightful rights to deport the

The Best Financial Software Planning Product Essay Example for Free

The Best Financial Software Planning Product Essay After analyzing various software products and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of them, it is found that the best software for financial planning is mentioned in the Microsoft Money Home website and it is the Microsoft Money Plus. The software helps in managing and planning long-term and short-term financial targets, and helps in the optimization of resources. It has got extensive features that can help a person, individuals or companies manage their portfolio. Microsoft Money Plus Premium calls this efficiency a â€Å"one stop financial management and planning solution. †¦for today and tomorrow† (1) A recent Comparison of Accounting Software done by Wikipedia’s website shows that the software is far much better among the other existing softwares when compared with respective to their licensing options, market focus, features, benefits, its type and the structure. It is the best because there is another article that supports this fact, another review in Tame Your Money Woes page of the PC Magazine, which says that â€Å"Microsoft Money Premium 2007 is an elegant, easily navigable personal-finance management powerhouse, offering more than most consumers need.† (1), another article on Microsoft Money in Wikipedia goes on to say that there are many versions available for U.S., UK, France, Japan, Canada, Germany, Italy and an International English edition (1). This just shows the international appeal the product has and how successful it is all these countries. The pricing is not that high and there are different packages that are catering to different sections of the society, depending on it the customer can adopt for a Microsoft Money Essentials, Microsoft Money Plus Deluxe, Microsoft Money Plus Premium or Microsoft Money Plus Home Business (Microsoft Money Plus Premium 1). There are special offers that are available to customers. There is also opportunity to discuss with the support as to which of the products will be suitable. A trial version also will be given, so that the customer can be sure that the product suites his/her specific requirements. But not many people agree with the above features and advantages they have some objections against it. Yakal page mentions some of the disadvantage, â€Å"Lacks some features Quicken pioneered, such as the ability to attach documents to transactions. Requires Windows Live ID for maximum security and online aggregation.† (1). It is important here to realize that the above mentioned features can still be included in the next upgrade that will follow. For someone who is starting out, this is an ideal solution. Once anyone can master this package then it will be easier to adopt and adapt to the upgrades and enhancements Microsoft will come up in the future. Another review by Wenzel supports this by saying with regard to the requirement of Windows Live.   â€Å"However, were not crazy about needing a Windows Live (formerly Passport) ID to use Microsoft Money 2007 to connect to our financial accounts online, although data transmissions are encrypted, of course.† (1), which means that there is really not much of a requirement of Windows Live and that the package can be successfully used even without it. Wenzel goes on to say that, We like Money 2007s well-laid-out and customizable interface, which by default displays a list of accounts and a spending pie chart on the Home page. Intuitive shortcuts include the ability to double-click a pie slice to bring up a register of expenses for editing. The browser-like layout includes back and forward navigation arrows and various straightforward drop-down menus. You can quickly access specific resources for banking, scheduling bills, creating reports, investing, planning, and taxes. (1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some other people have an issue with the software that it does not work on other Operating Systems and it works only on Windows. But you need to remember that Microsoft has been always favoring and supporting its own Operating System, for someone who is used the interface of windows they will understand the enormous amount of ease and advantages behind it when compared to other operating systems. Microsoft has a very efficient support system that will help guide the user to effectively use and exploit all the features. Support is of different types, by email, by chat, phone support, training such as audio and voice training and even personal one – one teaching about the product, all this will help the user to gain confidence in using the product. The other reason why it is one of the best is because it is very simple to use. Not only that, it also is fast to setup, has a very good user interface, which is easily understood. It does not need too much of time to learn package. It covers practically all the areas of finance, accounting, bills payable, receivable, and many more other features. It has a good cash flow management model and above all it is highly customizable. Something that is required for different financial situations, individuals and companies. Besides this, it is also very convenient to carry around in a Pocket PC, a mobile or a smart phone. There are so many versions available that any individual is bound to find the one best suited for him. The package can be readily be used anywhere and everywhere. For anyone who appreciates Microsoft products it is one of the best in financial planning and management when compared to the others. Works Cited â€Å"Microsoft Money Home.† Microsoft. In Microsoft Money Plus.† November 23, 2007, http://www.microsoft.com/money/default.mspx â€Å"Comparison of Accounting Software†. Wikipedia the free Encycolpedia. November 23, 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_accounting_software â€Å"Microsoft Money Plus Premium.† Microsoft. In Microsoft Money Plus Premium.† November 23, 2007, http://www.microsoft.com/money/ProductDetails.aspx?pid=004active_tab=Features Yakal.â€Å"Tame Your Money Woes†. PC Magazine. Microsoft Money Premium 2007 Review Date: July,31, 2006. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,1996582,00.asp â€Å"Microsoft Money† Wikipedia the free Encycolpedia. November 23, 2007,   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Money Wenzel. â€Å"Microsoft Money 2007 Review† Cnet Reviews. Microsoft Money 2007 Premium. http://reviews.cnet.com/accounting-and-finance/microsoft-money-2007-premium/4505-6405_7-31982101.html?tag=sub

Comparing Fire and Ice, Soldiers Home, The Jilting of Granny Weatheral

Lessons from Fire and Ice, Soldier's Home, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, and Sunday Morning Grasping for stability on the face of a chaotic universe, modernist writers believed that the traditional assumptions about family, war, society, and religion were no longer valid. Before, during, and after World War I, the modernists displayed the influences of scientific revolutions, familial upheaval, social reform, and philosophical questions. Religion was particularly decimated by the ravages of questioning. This central motivating factor of not only the United States, but the entire world, was intensely scrutinized and oftentimes abandoned by the modernists, and criticism, abandonment, and reconstruction of religion are evident in selected works of Robert Frost, Ernest Hemingway, Katherine Anne Porter, and Wallace Stevens. Frost flippantly scoffs at doomsday predictions in "Fire and Ice." In contrast to Frost's assertion of the power of the individual against scientific prediction and religious prophecy, Harold Krebs folds under his family's religious pressure in Hemingway's "S oldier Home." Alienated from both her family and society, Granny Weatherall tries to use Roman Catholicism as a ticket to Heaven in Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall," but she realizes the pointlessness of this goal on her deathbed. As a culmination of the underlying implications of modernist thought, Wallace Stevens embraces a new religious order in "Sunday Morning." As opposed to a transcendent and unseeable yearning for the afterlife, Modernism presents the option of a new faith in the power of natural and secular reality. In a few succinct and profound lines, Robert Frost alludes to two predominant theories of world destruction in "Fire... ... and Ice," "Soldier's Home," "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall," and "Sunday Morning," for the relevance of the these works has not diminished over time. With profound insight and acute introspection, the modernists urge the reader to question the validity of traditional religion, and their disillusioned, alienated, and experimental voices do not soothe the individual into complacency and stagnation. Unsettled and possibly uprooted, a reader must then reevaluate his or her own spiritual odyssey. Works Cited Frost, Robert. "Fire and Ice." McQuade 2: 1256. Hemingway, Ernest. "Soldier's Home." McQuade 2: 1159-63. McQuade, Donald, et al. ed. The Harper American Literature. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New York: Harper Collins, 1993. Porter, Katherine Anne. "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall." McQuade 2: 1056-62 Stevens, Wallace. "Sunday Morning." McQuade 2: 1273-76.

Pumps & Physics Essay

What’s new? When I was thinking about which aspect of physics to investigate for my investigation, I knew it was a good idea to choose something that really interested me. At the time I was becoming more and more fascinated by subatomic particles. I liked the fact that much of it was new and not understood properly, unlike the classical physics that everyone associates the subject with. Unfortunately, high energy physics does not translate into good practical coursework. However, while reading Six Easy Pieces, a book adapted from Richard Feynman’s famous textbook The Feynman Lectures on Physics, I noticed that a very common everyday phenomenon is still not properly understood by physicists. Encouraged by the prospect of discovering something new, I read on. Chaotic ideas Feynman wrote (on page 66) â€Å"There is a physical problem that is common to many fields, that is very old, and that has not been solved†¦It is the analysis of circulating or turbulent fluids†¦No-one can analyse it from first principles† â€Å"Wow – something science can’t explain† I thought. I looked on the internet for further details and I found a poster from World Maths Year 2000 (http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/wmy2kposters/march/), showing just the type of unpredictable fluid motion that Feynman was writing about. It’s a new and exciting branch of maths called chaos theory and it is just beginning to be understood mathematically. The main idea is that simple systems can show very complicated behaviour that seems to have no repeating pattern. The sums that describe these systems are difficult to get your head round and appear to be way beyond my abilities as an A-Level maths student. Despite this, I felt something chaotic was an excellent phenomenon to look into for this task – it’s a chance to do some experimental work where there isn’t a perfect formula or a flawless explanation in any textbook. I couldn’t rely on distorting my results to fit a simple law, so my experimentation had to be rigorous. Limitations It was important to find a subject that was practical to investigate at school. While I was watching water swirl down the drain as I filled the kettle at home, I wondered how widely-used machines like ship’s propellers cope with the unpredictable world of chaos. Propellers have an unusual and distinctive shape designed to reduce turbulence. I wanted to investigate why this particular shape works so well – and if it can tell us anything about turbulent flow. Conveniently, water and propellers are easy-to-use in school labs (or so I thought!). Best of all, I thought, if I could model the situation but ignore the effect of turbulent water, I could look at the mechanics of the propeller, and then compare the theory with what happens in real life. It seemed like a good mix of fresh ideas and traditional physics problems. I talked about my plans to some of my teachers and one of them mentioned that his son had done a PhD degree in the formation of bubbles by marine propellers – an effect called cavitation. This encouraged me to continue with this project, knowing that it relates to current areas of research and is an important and worthwhile topic. Research It turns out that one of the most interesting applications of pumps is in fire engines. As fire services are public organisations they make available plenty of high-quality, free information online. Engineering sites were also useful. * The Physics Behind Firefighting American high-school physics project http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/212_fall2003.web.dir/Matt_Taylor/Matt1.dwt * How Fire Engines Work General information http://science.howstuffworks.com/fire-engine.htm * Bedfordshire & Luton Fire and Rescue Service My local fire brigade, who I actually went to visit to find out more http://www.bedsfire.gov.uk/index.htm * American Turbine: Pump Calculations Web-based program for working out quantities in pumping http://americanturbine.net/formulacalc/pump.htm * Impeller Design The engineering that goes into pumps http://homepage.mac.com/mrbach/mixdesign.htm * Firefighting.com Useful data on pumps but uses frames so I can’t give a full URL http://www.firefighting.com * How Things Work A simple explanation of propellers and aerofoils Lesley Firth, Kingfisher, 1983 p13 * The Physics of Firefighting Some simple principles explained Physics Teacher, vol 28, p 599 * Firefighting Contains a bit of physics but interesting background information Jack Gottschalk, Dorling Kindersley, 2002, ISBN: 0789489090, p128 * Go with the flow Article about modelling granular and fluid motion New Scientist, 2 August 2003, p38-39 Preliminary Experiments I wanted to find the most efficient propeller design. From research I found out that propellers have different shapes for different tasks, so my first goal was to get a propeller up and working, and then look at what I could change to make it run more efficiently. These are the variables I aimed to evaluate for their effect on power transfer efficiency in preliminary tests: * The speed of rotation * The size of the propeller * Since speed of rotation is less time consuming to collect data for, I’ll look at it first. I intend to plot a graph of speed of rotation vs. output flow rate. Considering the shape of a ship’s propeller, I expected to be looking at these variables later on: * The number of blades on the impeller * The shape of the blades * The orientation of the blades (what angle they are in relation to the axis of rotation) The physics principles that are important here are mechanical ones. The efficiency of the propeller depends on how much of its power goes into pushing water outwards and how much is wasted on heating the water up or causing it to form whirlpools. New Scientist’s article Go with the flow mentioned the Bernoulli Effect, which is observed on aircraft wings and on propeller blades. Lower pressure Higher pressure A blade with a curved plane and a flat plane forces some air or water on a longer route over the curve, and the rest takes the shorter flat route. The longer journey over the curved plane causes a drop in pressure, which translated to lift in planes, and thrust in propellers. According to all the textbooks, the optimum number of blades, the blade angle, the speed of rotation and the size of propeller all contribute to the efficiency. It seems like I’ve got my work cut out for me. I’m going to concentrate on rotation speed and its effect on water flow rate outwards. Let’s see what the preliminary tests show. Water flows in Axle Propeller Watertight casing Water flows out Planning Risk Assessment1,2 Apparatus or procedure Hazard Precautions All apparatus Accident or fire Supervise the experiment at all times and clear away at the end of the session. Store all equipment safely and securely. Boiling water for shaping polypropene propellers Risk of scalding Take care with boiling water, paying attention at all times. Stand well back from the saucepan and do not move it while the water is hot. Use a heat-insulating towel to manipulate the hot polypropene. Electric circuit in general Risk of fire from short circuiting etc. Use insulated wires, keep connections clean and dry, and always supervise the apparatus while current is flowing. Do not leave the set-up unattended without unplugging the mains supply. Use wires of appropriate diameter to prevent overheating resulting in fire. Rapidly rotating propeller Possibility of injury from contact with rotating blades of propeller Leave motor switched off until ready to record data. Take care to keep your distance from the propeller, especially fingers. Heavy equipment (power pack, retort stands) Falling equipment could injure Ensure stands etc. are sturdily placed and avoid placing equipment near the very edge of the work bench. Power pack Output: 13V 5A DC Input: 230V mains AC Risk of electrocution from mains input (risk of injury from output voltage is minimal) Keep power pack away from the wet part of the apparatus (to prevent conduction through water). In my experiment, I will keep all the electrics on a shelf above the level of the water-containing apparatus. Ensure all water-containing equipment is as waterproof as possible, and have towels to hand to soak up spills. Do not leave the set-up unattended without unplugging the mains supply. Preliminary findings In the research and rationale section, I identified variables I wanted to investigate. I conducted preliminary experiments to found out which variables were the most practical to focus on. The basic aim is to narrow my search down to one or possibly two variables and then find the most power-efficient value for each variable. Size of propeller was very difficult to control since I found that the propeller will only stir the water unless it tightly fits the container. Small propellers did not displace any water. Only propellers with a diameter 1 or 2mm less than the diameter of the container were effective in pumping water. As such, I decided not to consider investigating this variable. Angle of propeller blade inclination is possible to vary, but I found the range of angles possible with the materials I had chosen were too limited. I developed a method of cutting out rectangles of polypropene sheeting, boiling them in water and bending them to the right shape, but the blades often snapped and it was tricky to get the blades to remain at the chosen angle as they cooled and hardened. I decided to keep blade inclination constant. 45à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ might seem to be an appropriate angle of inclination to choose for all the propellers I will compare, but most propellers I found photographs of from my research showed shallower angles of blade inclination. I have decided that all my propellers will be inclined at 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ because it is easier to make the propellers this shape and I assume that this is a more efficient angle than 45à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ since many propellers are about this angle. Speed of rotation turned out to be very simple to control with the use of the variable voltage power pack. I investigated the effect of power input on rotation speed (or angular velocity of the propeller as I call it from here on in). Using a stroboscope, I determined the linear relationship between the voltage supplying the motor (V) and the angular velocity (?) of the propeller shaft in air. I adjusted the frequency of the strobe light until the propeller appeared not to rotate. At this frequency, the time between flashes of the strobe and the time for one blade of the propeller to reach the former position of the blade before it is equal. If you find the angle in radians (?) between two adjacent blades and multiply it by the frequency (f) of the stroboscope (the time between flashes), you are left with the angular velocity (?) of the propeller, i.e. the rate of rotation. ? = ?f In the table below, V and f were determined experimentally and ? was calculated by multiplying f by ?. Since the frequency is only known to two significant figures, the angular velocity can only be determined to 2 s.f. Angle between blades, ? degrees 72 Angle between blades, ? radians 0.4? V V 0 2.25 4.25 6.25 8.75 10.00 13.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.25 f s-1 0 13 26 36 50 57 74 0.5 ? rad s-1 0 16 32 45 63 72 93 0.5 Once the propeller is immersed in water the relationship between ? and V changes. The relationship is non-linear and, unlike the graph above, is different for every propeller. In light of the preliminary experiments I will modify this method to vary the power supplied to the drill that drives the propeller. It will not matter that the speed of rotation varies depending on how much the water resists the motion of the propeller. The only data that are needed to calculate the efficiency of the system are power input and useful power output. Efficiency At this point it is important to mention that I am concentrating on the efficiency of the propeller at displacing water. Percentage efficiency = useful power output / power input à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 100%, or rewritten in symbols, ? = Puseful out / Pin. Also, power input is proportional to input voltage since current is constant at 5 A in my equipment. P = VI and I = 5   Power (Watts) = 5 x voltage (Volts). Review of purpose of investigation The focus of this investigation is to determine the optimum number of blades for a propeller to have to maximise energy-efficiency. Experiments will compare propellers with 2, 4 and 6 blades. The energy efficiency of the three propellers when displacing water will be determined and compared. Their efficiency may not be independent of the rate of rotation. This too will be investigated and analysed. The analysed results will show which of the three propellers is most energy efficient in at each rate of rotation investigated. Extract from Eric Weisstein’s World of Physics http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Screw.html A screw is a simple machine that is actually a version of the inclined plane. The pitch of the screw corresponds to the inclination of the plane: a higher pitch (i.e., more threads per length) means less inclination, and thus easier turning, but also more turning that needs to be done to travel a given length. As with the other simple machines, the required force is reduced, but the amount of work done is the same. Apparatus 13V max. variable voltage power pack Retort stands and clamps 15 cm ruler Silicone polymer window sealant Garden hosepipe Expanded polystyrene for supports Multimeter (0.25V, 0.25A tolerance) Polypropene sheet for making propellers PET lemonade bottles (2 Litre capacity) Plastic funnel for filling Stopwatch Collection bottle with 2 litre mark ( 0.002 L) Cordless electric screwdriver/drill Steel axle Volumetric burette PET pudding basins to contain propeller Water Colour-coded wires and crocodile clips Saucepan, hotplate and tongs for heating and reshaping polypropene into propellers Scissors and craft knife for cutting out propeller shapes from polypropene sheet Apparatus set-up These diagrams show how I designed the equipment. The circuit diagram connected to the drill represents the power pack, and its voltage selector is displayed as a variable resistor. The plastic volute is the container that houses the propeller. To begin with, water fills the water tank and the plastic volute. Activating the power pack supplies an electric current to the drill, which rotates the propeller. Variables to control Variable How I will control it Viscosity of water Constant at constant temperature and pressure Power and speed of rotation of propeller Use a power pack instead of a battery to supply the cordless drill. Use the same power pack, axle and drill throughout the experiment. Rotation speed does not vary linearly with power but carefully designing the experiment can avoid problems. Room temperature and pressure Constant at 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C due to central heating. Atmospheric pressure changes are insignificant to this experiment. Plan for laboratory sessions Session and duration Targets Before lab work begins Build the waterproof sections of the apparatus and seal them with silicone polymer. Buy a cordless drill. First two hours Set up all apparatus, construct the propellers and test the experiment to ensure it works as planned Second two hours Measure the time taken to raise 2 Litres of water through 50cm vertically by each of the three propellers, with 65W power input Third two hours Repeat the previous session’s experiment, but with the power set at 35W. Fourth two hours By considering the results collected before this session, decide which range of power input to investigate in detail Fifth two hours Continue gathering results for chosen range of power inputs Remaining time Investigate turning points and anomalies as necessary In between lab sessions Complete results tables, draws graphs as appropriate and start to analyse findings. Use analysis to modify strategy and to make decisions on how to progress. While I was designing which equipment to use and how to use it, I thought carefully about accuracy and sensitivity. The major difficulty with this experiment is the unpredictable nature of the propellers – unlike many other things physics, it is not easy to find a good estimate of what will happen in textbooks or online. One way of ensuring good results is to measure the variables to a reasonable number of significant figures. The multimeter I chose to use is quick to respond to changes in current or potential difference and has fine graduations on its scale, providing high sensitivity. It also has very tight tolerances as it is designed for use in high performance electronics, which contributes to the accuracy of the results I will gather. The multimeter is significantly more accurate and sensitive some of the digital alternatives at school. It responds to changes much quicker too. I have had to design and build quite a large amount of equipment just to make this project possible. To measure the volume of water pumped out by the system, I will calibrate the water collection bottle with graduations. To make sure they are very sensitive and accurate, I will use the high quality, high accuracy laboratory glassware available at school for use in chemistry and biology. The percentage error on the volume graduations on these pieces of equipment is very small (around 0.0003%). References for planning section 1. Cambridge University Department of Physics Physics risk assessment form http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/cavendish/hands/forms/RAform.pdf 2. CLEAPSS Secondary Schools website http://www.cleapss.org.uk/secfr.htm Implementing Modifications to plan Problem Solution How to water-seal the entire system Careful application of silicone sealant and gaffer tape at all junctions. Apparatus tested underwater by pressurising with air using a bike pump. Leaks located by bubbles escaping where seals were incomplete. How to get water to flow from the water reservoir into the propeller cavity, without providing any extra pressure that would reduce the workload of the propeller Height of water reservoir bottle adjusted until water just reaches the top of the propeller cavity, without spilling out the output hole How to accurately measure the volumes of water used in each experiment Volumetric glassware borrowed from chemistry department Calculation of power efficiency of pumping system ?E = mg?h P = Et-1 Useful power output = power spent on raising water against the force of the Earth’s gravitational field Useful power output = (mass of water raised (mwater) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ strength of gravity at sea level (g) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ height through which the water is raised (?h)) / time taken (t) Pout = mwaterg?ht-1 The mass of water is proportional to its volume at constant temperature and atmospheric pressure. In these experiments, the temperature and pressure have been constant at 293K (20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) and 105 Pa respectively. Under these conditions, water has a density of 998.2 kgm-3 (according to the Nuffield Advanced Science Data Book, Nuffield-Chelsea Curriculum Trust, Longman, 1984). Therefore, the time taken to raise the water and the number of blades on each propeller are the only variables in my experiment.

Virgin Atlantic Airways Case Study

Critically assess how the organisation has employed e-business technologies to perform its key business processes and improve service levels for its customers To begin with, the online e-business model of Virgin Atlantic Airways is a business to consumer as the Virgin Atlantic Airways sells plane tickets directly to customers without passing intermediaries. Virgin Atlantic Airways implements the e business technologies to perform its key business processes and improve service levels for its customers by improving reservation online, provide all convenient services, flight data , route, cost saving ,more flight and news update and promotion. Reservation Online System First of all, Virgin Atlantic Airways (2012) stated that the reservation online enhance booking system and increase sales. This is because it is convenient for passengers to check dates and flight. No matters where passenger live, they can reserve online and make a payment directly to Virgin Atlantic Airways through credit cards. Secondly reservation online provide all level of services. So passengers can select the service to suit their need. Virgin Atlantic Airways provide services such as economy class, premium economy class as well as upper class. Convenient. B2C or Business direct to customer is quite convenient and efficient with airline business (Kotler, 2008) . This reduces the need of sell agents as intermediary. As a result of this, Virgin Atlantic Airways can sell plane ticket at a lower price. Furthermore, e-business technology can increase foreign passengers through Virgin Atlantic Airways booking system. This is because foreign passengers can check the route , flight data and prices to compare with other airline. However, if they find Virgin Atlantic Airways suit their need more , they will book directly with Virgin Atlantic Airways. Flight Data E-business technologies make a flight data more accurate and fast due to, the system is operated by computer. To demonstrate this, if one passenger book the plane ticket the system will show the seats availability left and if one change his or her mind by cancellation the system will responds very quick. Route E-business technologies could perform its key business processes and improve service levels for passengers by showing the flight route and provide alternative route for passengers to select. Therefore, passengers have varies option to pick the most convenient route and economical route. For a long flight, sometime passengers can pick an economical flight by choosing the flight that transfer at other airport or require couples stop. This enhance customers base and flight booking system. More Flight Virgin Atlantic Airways (2012) mentioned that online system can enhance more flight. This is due to if any flight or route is popular due to high demand or season factors. The system will suggests to possibility to increase more flight . Therefore, Virgin Atlantic Airways revenue and profit will rise as Virgin Atlantic can serve more demand. Cost Saving Cost saving is one of major key success of Virgin Atlantic Airways (Kotler, 2008) . The e business online system can save the cost effectively as there is less need for sell agents and intermediary . Also, the e-business system can manage ticket price effectively as well. This is because if the fuel price and tax price change , the system will adjust the selling price of plane ticket instantly. E –business system which is a computer system require less staffs working. Therefore, the system can save hiring cost. News update and Promotion. Virgin Atlantic website shows all news and promotion update. This is a fast way to communicate directly to passengers and it is quick because the company can just update instantly. This benefits both passengers and the Virgin Atlantic company due to passengers can compare the airways promotion with other airways or decide to purchase the promotion that suit their need instantly.

Emile Berliner and the History of the Gramophone

Emile Berliner and the History of the Gramophone Early attempts to design a consumer sound or music playing gadget began in 1877. That year,  Thomas Edison invented his tin-foil phonograph, which played recorded sounds from round cylinders. Unfortunately, the sound quality on the phonograph was bad and each recording only lasted for only one play. Edisons phonograph was followed by Alexander Graham Bells graphophone. The graphophone used wax cylinders, which could be played many times. However, each cylinder had to be recorded separately, making the mass reproduction of the same music or sounds impossible with the graphophone. The Gramophone andRecords On November 8, 1887, Emile Berliner, a German immigrant working in Washington D.C., patented a successful system for sound recording. Berliner was the first inventor to stop recording on cylinders and start recording on flat disks or records. The first records were made of glass. They were then made using  zinc and eventually plastic. A spiral groove with sound information was etched into the flat record. To play sounds and music, the record was rotated on the gramophone. The arm of the gramophone held a needle that read the grooves in the record by vibration and transmitted the information to the gramophone speaker. Berliners disks (records) were the first sound recordings that could be mass-produced by creating master recordings from which molds were made. From each mold, hundreds of disks were pressed. The Gramophone Company Berliner founded The Gramophone Company to mass manufacture his sound disks (records) as well as the gramophone that played them. To help promote his gramophone system, Berliner did a couple of things. First, he persuaded popular artists to record their music using his system. Two famous artists who signed early on with Berliners company were Enrico Caruso and Dame Nellie Melba. The second smart marketing move Berliner made came in 1908 when he used Francis Barrauds painting of His Masters Voice  as his companys official trademark. Berliner later sold the licensing rights to his patent for the gramophone and method of making records to the Victor Talking Machine Company (RCA), which later made the gramophone a successful product in the United States. Meanwhile, Berliner continued doing business in other countries. He founded the Berliner Gram-o-phone Company in Canada, the Deutsche Grammophon in Germany and the U.K based Gramophone Co., Ltd. Berliners legacy also lives on in his trademark, which depicts  a picture of a dog listening to his masters voice being played from a gramophone. The dogs name was Nipper. The Automatic Gramophone Berliner worked on improving the playback machine with Elridge Johnson. Johnson patented a spring motor for the Berliner gramophone. The motor made the turntable revolve at an even speed and eliminated the need for hand cranking of the gramophone. The trademark  His Masters Voice was passed on to Johnson by Emile Berliner. Johnson began to print it on his Victor record catalogs and then on the paper labels of the disks. Soon, His Masters Voice became one of the best-known trademarks in the world and is still in use today. Work on the Telephone and the Microphone In 1876, Berliner invented a microphone used as a telephone speech transmitter. At the U.S. Centennial Exposition, Berliner saw a Bell Company telephone demonstrated and was inspired to find ways to improve the newly invented telephone. The Bell Telephone Company was impressed with what the inventor came up with and bought Berliners microphone patent for $50,000. Some of Berliners other inventions include a radial  aircraft  engine,  a helicopter, and acoustical tiles.